W.E. Deal
11 Clare Fawcett, “Archaeology and Japanese Identity”; Mark J. Hudson, “Pots not People: Ethnicity,
Culture and Identity in Postwar Japanese Archaeology”; Kaner, “The Archaeology of Religion and
Ritual”; Mizoguchi, “Self- Identification.”
12 On Nihonjin- ron issues see, for instance, Peter N. Dale, The Myth of Japanese Uniqueness.
13 Hudson and Kaner, “Editors’ Introduction,” 115.
14 Mizoguchi, “Self- Identification,” 56.
15 On these issues, see Imamura, Prehistoric Japan; Habu Junko, Ancient Jomon of Japan; and Kobayashi
Tatsuo, Jomon Reflections: Forager Life and Culture in the Prehistoric Japanese Archipelago.
16 On Jōmon periodization, see Habu, Ancient Jomon of Japan, 37–42.
17 Nelly Naumann, Japanese Prehistory: The Material and Spiritual Culture of the Jomon Period, 221–226.
18 On dog burials, see Melvin and Takayasu, Prehistory of Japan. On burial of dolphin bones, see Naumann,
Japanese Prehistory.
19 Naumann, Japanese Prehistory.
20 Tatsuo, Jomon Reflections.
21 Kodama Daisei, “Komakino Stone Circle and Its Significance for the Study of Jomon Social
Structure.”
22 On Jōmon ceramic figurines, see Naumann, Japanese Prehistory; Koji Mizoguchi, “The Emergence of
Anthropomorphic Representation in the Japanese Archipelago: A Social Systemic Perspective”; Simon
Kaner, The Power of Dogu: Ceramic Figurines from Ancient Japan.
23 On this latter site, see Junko Habu, “Growth and Decline in Complex Hunter- Gatherer Societies: A
Case Study from the Jomon Period Sannai Maruyama Site, Japan.”
24 See, for instance, Yoshida Atsuhiko, Jōmon shūkyō no nazo.
25 Yamagata Mariko, “The Shakadō Figurines and Middle Jōmon Ritual in the Kōfu Basin.”
26 Matsumura Kazuo, “Ancient Japan and Religion,” 134.
27 Donald l. Philippi, Kojiki, 87; William G. Aston, Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to
A.D. 697, I.32.
28 Philippi, Kojiki, 87.
29 Kaner, “The Archaeology of Religion and Ritual,” 460.
30 Mark. J. Hudson, “Japanese Beginnings,” 16.
31 Mark. J. Hudson, “Rice, Bronze, and Chieftains: An Archaeology of Yayoi Ritual,” 145.
32 Harunari Hideji, “Tsuno no nai shika: Yayoi jidai no nōkō girei.” For a summary of Harunari’s views,
see Hudson, “Rice, Bronze, and Chieftains,” 145–146.
33 On Yoshinogari, see Imamura, Prehistoric Japan, 182–184.
34 Hudson, “Japanese Beginnings,” 18.
35 For a discussion of problems and issues with the geographical terms used in the Wei zhi relevant to a
discussion of Yamatai, see J. Edward Kidder, Himiko and Japan’s Elusive Chiefdom of Yamatai: Archaeology,
History, and Mythology, 8–10. The large body of scholarship on Himiko and Yamatai includes John
Young, Japanese Historians and the Location of Yamatai; Walter Edwards, “In Pursuit of Himiko: Postwar
Archaeology and the Location of Yamatai”; Imamura, Prehistoric Japan, 185–196; William Wayne
Farris, Sacred Texts and Buried Treasures: Issues in the Historical Archaeology of Ancient Japan, 9–54; Gina L.
Barnes, State Formation in Japan: Emergence of a 4th-Century Ruling Elite, 83–103; Kidder, Himiko and
Japan’s Elusive Chiefdom of Yamatai.
36 For a discussion of this issue, see Farris, Sacred Texts and Buried Treasures, 15–23.
37 Wm. Theodore de Bary et al., Sources of Japanese Tradition, 6–8.
38 Mizoguchi, An Archaeological History of Japan, 149–156. The quoted passage appears on p. 156.
39 Barnes, State Formation in Japan, 114–115.
40 Melvin C. Aikens and Takayasu Higuichi, “Origins of the Japanese People.”
41 Kidder, Himiko and Japan’s Elusive Chiefdom of Yamatai, 76–78. The quoted passage appears on p. 77.
42 For a discussion of the Yoshinogari tomb, see Mark. J. Hudson and Gina L. Barnes, “Yoshinogari: A
Yayoi Settlement in Northern Kyushu.”
43 Mizoguchi, “Self- Identification,” 56.
44 Matsumura, “Ancient Japan and Religion.” The quoted passages appear on pp. 138 and 139.
45 For the Kojikii version of the Izanagi underworld story, see Philippi, Kojiki, 55–67.
46 On one such island, Okinoshima, see Okazaki Takashi, “Japan and the Continent,” 312–316. On the
importance of Mount Miwa to to the eventual development of the Yamato state, see Matsumae Takeshi,
“Early Kami Worship,” 334–341; Barnes, State Formation in Japan, 178–198; Kidder, Himiko and Japan’s
Elusive Chiefdom of Yamatai, 239–273.