Heian-kyo ̄: from royal center to metropole48 On Uji in English, see Mimi Yiengpruksawan, “The Phoenix Hall at Uji and the Symmetries of
Replication.”
49 Yamada Kunikazu, Kyōto toshishi and Nihon chūsei no shūto to ōken toshi. Matthew Stavros, Kyoto, espe-
cially 61–74. On the various town palaces and retirement palaces built during the twelfth century, see
Takahashi Masaaki, Inseiki dairi, daidairi to in no gosho.
50 Janet Goodwin has discussed Go- Shirakawa’s intent to replicate aspects of eighth- century Nara mon-
archy in “The Buddhist Monarch.”
51 Mikawa Kei, “Chūsei seiritsuki no Kyōto,” 42. Mikawa notes that the Engyōbon Heike monogatari records
40–50,000 houses in the area.
52 Honchō seiki, 1142 6/18. Hashimoto Yoshihiko, “Satodairi enkaku kō, 196.”
53 Toda Yoshimi, Shoki chūsei shakaishi no kenkyū, 213–214. On Munetada and his journal as a historial
source, see Christina Laffin, Joan Piggott, and Yoshida Sanae, Birth and Death in the Royal House.
54 Takahashi Masaaki, Kyōto sennen, 93–94.
55 Sachiko Kawai, “Power of the Purse: Estates and the Religio- political Influence of Japanese Royal
Women, 1100–1300.” See also Mikawa Kei, “Chūsei seiritsuki no Kyōto,” 45.
56 Toda Yoshimi, “Kyoto and the Estate System.”
57 See Yamaguchi Hiroshi, “Heian- kyō zōei to jisha”; Hori Yutaka, “Heian- kyō to teradera”; and Kyōraku
Mahoko, Heian- kyō toshi shakaishi no kenkyū, 198.
58 On Kyoto in Kiyomori’s time, see John Whitney Hall, “Kyoto as Historical Background.”
59 Nishiyama Ryōhei, Toshi Heian- kyō. Also see Kuroda Kichirō, Chūsei toshi Kyōto no kenkyū.
60 Takahashi Shin’ichirō, “Chūsei toshiron,” especially 272–274.
61 Takahashi Masaaki, Kyoto sennen, 105; Matthew Stavros, Kyoto, 57.
62 Nishiyama Ryōhei, Toshi Heian- kyō; and more recently, Heian- kyō no sumai.
63 On this view see Matthew Stavros, Kyoto, 37; 43–74.
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