Mikami Y., with J. Batts
44 Kiyotane- ō shojō, a collection of letters by the eponymous Kiyotane- ō sent to the former governor of Suō
province. Not much is known about the author besides his being a member of the extended imperial
family, but the letters’ descriptions of commerce and state finance make them an important source for
economic historians of the period. On the letters as evidence to the continued use of coins, see Mikami
Yoshitaka, Nihon kodai, 127–180.
45 Takizawa Takeo, “Heian kōki no kahei ni tsuite”; and Tōno, Kahei.
46 Mikami Yoshitaka, Nihon kodai, 241–254; Egusa Noritomo, “Heian- ki ni okeru senka ryūtsū to
toraisen”; Ihara Kesao, “Sōsen yunyū no rekishiteki igi: kokahō to senka suiko no hattatsu.”
47 Sakaehara Towao, Nara jidai ryūtsū keizaishi no kenkyū, 3–60.
48 For criticisms of the notion of provincial trade spheres and the response to that criticism, see Sakaehara,
Nihon kodai senka kenykyū, as well as Nakamura Shūya, Nihon kodai shōgyōshi no kenkyū, 65–89, and Miya-
kawa Maki, “Ritsuryō kokka no ichi shihai.”
49 Shoku Nihongi, 714 2/27. For discussion of the Ryōiki, see Sakaehara, Nara jidai, 209–235.
50 Shin sarugakuki, 72–73.
51 Kushiki Yoshinori, “Shōnin to shōgyō no hassei.”
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