Indextokusei act (debt relief) 271–2
Tōma Seita 205
Tominaga Kengo 319
Tomita Masahiro 164
Tōno Haruyuki 46, 356
Tōnomine (temple) 108
Tonomura, Hitomi 147, 167, 275–95
Torao Tatsuya 88
Toro burial mound 59
Torosu shuku 302
Tosa province 18
Tōshi kaden 85
Totman, Conrad 29
towns: medieval period 390–9; see also urban history
Toyoda Aritsune 316
Toyonaga Satomi 305, 306
Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536–1598) 5, 19, 139, 142,
162, 172, 173, 174–5, 176, 179, 180, 265, 378
trade: classical period 38, 39, 44–6, 47, 353, 354,
359–60; Jōmon period 60; medieval period 148,
172, 267, 390–9; Sengoku period 176
transportation systems 120, 221, 390, 391, 393
tree ring analysis 24–5, 27–8, 30, 59–60
tribal confederacy 69, 70, 71
tsubo (lot) 16, 17
Tsuboi Shōgorō 61
Tsuchiya Matasaburō (1642–1719) 380
Tsude Hiroshi 70, 71, 72–3, 74, 203
Tsuji Zennosuke 161, 336
Tsukinowa burial mound 59
tsuma (wife) 282, 283
tsunami 24, 26, 397
Tsurogaoka Hachimangū 332
Tsushima 148, 395–6
tumuli see burial mounds
typhoons 24
Ubukata Tō 364
Uda, Emperor (867–931, r. 887–897) 100
Udagawa Takehisa 319
Ueda Takeshi 43
Ueno Chizuko 280–1
Umayado no Ōji (Prince Umayado) 235
UNESCO: Education for Sustainable Development
(ESD) 15; recognition of Ainu people 61; World
Heritage sites 60
urban history: fundamentals of 216–17; Kyoto
(Heian-kyō) 216, 218–26; medieval period
390–9
urbanization: medieval period 390–9; and pollution
28
uromancy 340
Urushikia, Akita prefecture 56
Utagawa Toyokuni 55
Varley, Paul 4, 159–60
vernacular religion 340
Verschuer, Charlotte von 39, 40, 42, 43, 45, 47,
249, 255
villages: medieval period 17–18, 139, 142, 147, 148,
262–73, 391; Sengoku period 177
volcanoes 24, 25, 26, 256Wa 63, 192
Wada Seigo 71
Wadō kaichin coinage 354, 355, 356, 357
Wajma Seiichi 59
Wakita Haruko 165, 221, 275, 281, 282, 298, 299,
300, 304, 305
Wakita Osamu 163
Wamyō shō 252, 254, 255
Wang Yong 40
Wang Zhenping 42
warfare: and demography 256, 257; medieval period
142, 310–21; and peasant solidarity 270; Yayoi
period 62
Warring States period (1467–1600): demography
248, 249, 257–8; see also Sengoku period
warrior houses 312–13
warriors 99; female 283; Kamakura shogunate
140–2; medieval period 138, 139–40, 162, 163,
165, 310–21; Muromachi period 139; separation
from peasants 180; see also bushi; samurai
Watanabe Yosuke 4
Watsuji Tetsurō 25
weather see climate
Weber, Max 2, 132n40, 217, 227n22
Wei Dynasty (221–265 ce) 192
Wei zhih 59, 63, 70, 192, 193
Wen, Emperor (541–604, r. 581–604) 82
wheat 380, 381
Wintersteen, Prescott 5
Wittfogel, Karl von 127
women: in early Buddhism 196; early twentieth-
century scholarship 276–7; economic role in the
Haian period 209–10; economic role in the
ritsuryō period 207–8; leaders in Kofun period
204–5; medieval period 275–85; religious roles
233–4, 239, 275, 334–5; as rulers 100; and rural
life 272; village leaders in Heian period 209–21o;
warriors 283; see also gender
women’s history (joseishi) 275; early twentieth-
century scholarship 276–7; interdisciplinary
scholarship 283–4; legitimation of 281–3
Wu Ling 44
Wu Zetian, Empress (624–705, r. 690–705) 83
Wu zhu coinage 355
Wude code 82
Wuyue (907–978) 47Xuanzong, Emperor (685–762, r. 712–756) 83, 84,
237Yanagisawa 56