Chapter 4 Jung: Analytical Psychology 107been in touch with feelings and intuitions that No. 1 personality did not perceive.
Between his 16th and 19th years, Jung’s No. 1 personality emerged as more dom-
inant. As his conscious, everyday personality prevailed, he could concentrate on
school and career. In Jung’s own theory of attitudes, his No. 1 personality was
extraverted and in tune to the objective world, whereas his No. 2 personality was
introverted and directed inward toward his subjective world. Thus, during his early
school years, Jung was mostly introverted, but when the time came to prepare for
a profession and meet other objective responsibilities, he became more extraverted,
an attitude that prevailed until he experienced a midlife crisis and entered a period
of extreme introversion.
Jung’s first choice of a profession was archeology, but he was also interested
in philology, history, philosophy, and the natural sciences. Despite a somewhat
aristocratic background, Jung had limited financial resources (Noll, 1994). Forced
by lack of money to attend a school near home, he enrolled in Basel University,
a school without an archeology teacher. Having to select another field of study,
Jung chose natural science because he twice dreamed of making important discov-
eries in the natural world (Jung, 1961). His choice of a career eventually narrowed
to medicine. That choice was narrowed further when he learned that psychiatry
deals with subjective phenomena (Singer, 1994).
While Jung was in his first year of medical school, his father died, leaving
him in care of his mother and sister. Also while still in medical school, Jung began
to attend a series of seances with relatives from the Preiswerk family, including
his first cousin Helene Preiswerk, who claimed she could communicate with dead
people. Jung attended these seances mostly as a family member, but later, when
he wrote his medical dissertation on the occult phenomenon, he reported that these
seances had been controlled experiments (McLynn, 1996).
After completing his medical degree from Basel University in 1900, Jung
became a psychiatric assistant to Eugene Bleuler at Burghöltzli Mental Hospital in
Zürich, possibly the most prestigious psychiatric teaching hospital in the world at
that time. During 1902–1903, Jung studied for 6 months in Paris with Pierre Janet,
successor to Charcot. When he returned to Switzerland in 1903, he married Emma
Rauschenbach, a young sophisticated woman from a wealthy Swiss family. Two
years later, while continuing his duties at the hospital, he began teaching at the
University of Zürich and seeing patients in his private practice.
Jung had read Freud’s Interpretation of Dreams (Freud, 1900/1953) soon after
it appeared, but he was not much impressed with it (Singer, 1994). When he reread
the book a few years later, he had a better understanding of Freud’s ideas and was
moved to begin interpreting his own dreams. In 1906, Jung and Freud began a steady
correspondence (see McGuire & McGlashan, 1994, for the Freud/Jung letters). The
following year, Freud invited Carl and Emma Jung to Vienna. Immediately, both
Freud and Jung developed a strong mutual respect and affection for one another,
talking during their first meeting for 13 straight hours and well into the early morn-
ing hours. During this marathon conversation, Martha Freud and Emma Jung bus-
ied themselves with polite conversation (Ferris, 1997).
Freud believed that Jung was the ideal person to be his successor. Unlike
other men in Freud’s circle of friends and followers, Jung was neither Jewish nor
Viennese. In addition, Freud had warm personal feelings for Jung and regarded