India\'s Israel Policy - P. R. Kumaraswamy

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  1. the islamic prism 287

  2. Presidential address of M. A. Jinnah at the twenty- sixth Muslim League ses-
    sion in Patna, December 1938. Ibid., 2:307.

  3. For the text of the resolution adopted at the Patna session of the Muslim
    League in December 1937, see ibid., 2:315– 316.

  4. For a brief summary of the deliberations, see ibid., 2:316– 318.

  5. Ibid. Emphasis added.

  6. For the text of the resolution adopted at the Lahore session of the League in
    March 1940, see ibid., 2:346.

  7. For the text of the resolution adopted at the Delhi session of the Muslim
    League in April 1943, see ibid., 2:439– 440. Jinnah himself proposed this
    resolution, which was adopted unanimously.

  8. For the text of the resolution adopted at the Karachi session of the League in
    December 1943, see ibid., 2:489– 490.

  9. For the text of the resolution adopted at the Delhi council meeting on April
    10, 1946, see ibid., 2:525.

  10. For the text of the resolution adopted at the Karachi council meeting in De-
    cember 1947, see ibid., 2:574– 575.

  11. Shaikh, “Muslims and Po liti cal Repre sen ta tion in Colonial India.”

  12. He had earlier served as president in 1923 and remains the youn gest person
    to hold the leadership of the party.

  13. Heptulla, Indo- West Asian Relations, 152.

  14. Gopal, Jawaharlal Nehru, 1:232– 233; Mudiam, India and the Middle East, 144.

  15. While Muslim- majority areas of Bengal province became East Pakistan,
    the Muslim majority areas in the west became West Pakistan. This geo-
    graphic anomaly of a large Indian territory between East and West Pakistan
    continued until 1971, when East Pakistan became the in de pen dent state
    Bangladesh.

  16. Burke, Pakistan’s Foreign Policy, 66.

  17. Stein, The Balfour Declaration, 496– 497.

  18. Later that year, Shaukat Ali also met Stein and Sokolov in London.

  19. There are suggestions that Shaukat Ali’s “attitude towards Zionism seems
    to have been rather tolerant, in so far as he openly suppor ted a solution with-
    out violent means for the outstanding questions in Palestine.” Kupfer-
    schmidt, “The General Muslim Congress of 1931 in Jerusalem,” 131.

  20. Note of the interview by Selig Brodetsky (October 15, 1931), CZA, S25/3535.

  21. Panikkar, In Two Chinas, 12.

  22. Bergmann and Shimoni, “Report on the Inter- Asian Conference.”

  23. For a copy of the memorandum, see CZA, S25/9029. In the following quo-
    tations from the memorandum, the emphasis is in the original.

  24. Interestingly, this “follow the lead” became the Indian position at the fi rst
    special session of the UN General Assembly that met shortly after Panik-
    kar’s memorandum.

  25. Panikkar, In Two Chinas, 12.

  26. This, however, did not prevent Panikkar from meeting and interacting with
    Israeli offi cials. He lamented India’s belated recognition and had a day- long

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