India\'s Israel Policy - P. R. Kumaraswamy

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  1. domestic politics 301

  2. Quoted in Jansen, Zionism, Israel, and Asian Nationalism, 302. Emphasis
    added.

  3. India, MEA Report 1964– 1965, 58– 59.

  4. Foreign Aff airs Report 15, no. 5 (May 1969): 110.

  5. Debates RS, vol. 71 (March 26, 1970), col. 28.

  6. Heptulla, Indo- West Asian Relations, 152. Emphasis added.

  7. Agwani, “India and the Islamic World,” 6.

  8. Varadarajan, “When Jaswant Took Indian Politics to Foreign Shores.”

  9. Pradhan “Changing Dynamics of India’s West Asia Policy,” 1.

  10. Ibid., 86. Emphasis added.

  11. Ibid. Emphasis added.

  12. National Commission on Minorities. Available online at http:// ncm .nic .in/
    minority _population .pdf.

  13. Heptulla, Indo- West Asian Relations, 163.

  14. Eytan, “New Delhi Diary,” ISA, 2383/21; E. Elath to M. Sharett (October 14,
    1949), Israel Documents, 4:547– 548.

  15. Navari, “Arnold Toynbee (1889– 1975): Prophecy and Civilization,” 292. For
    Toynbee’s later argument disapproving of the divine rights of Jews, Chris-
    tians, and Muslims, see Toynbee, “Jewish Rights in Palestine.”

  16. India, Ministry of External Aff airs, India and Palestine, 22– 23, 51.

  17. “Congress Betrays Arabs,” editorial, The Dawn (May 5, 1947).

  18. H. C. Beaumont to S. E. Abbot (May 22, 1947), NAI, F-2(6)- UNO- I/47. Em-
    phasis added.

  19. Brecher, The New States of Asia, 130.

  20. In subsequent years, Pakistan assumed that stance and argued that it should
    be considered the true voice of Muslims of the subcontinent, including the
    Indian Muslims.

  21. Gandhi, Understanding the Muslim Mind, 219.

  22. Maulana Azad was India’s minister for education from August 15, 1947, un-
    til his death on February 22, 1958.

  23. Heptulla, Indo- West Asian Relations, 166.

  24. Nehru’s note to Secretary, Commonwealth Relations (March 23, 1948), in
    Nehru, Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru, Series II, 5:548.

  25. Mathai, Reminiscences of the Nehru Age, 221.

  26. Agwani, “Ingredients of India’s Arab Policy,” 12.

  27. I am grateful to Professor K. R. Singh for highlighting this nuanced
    diff erence.

  28. E. Sasson to S. Divon (July 1, 1951), ISA, 2413/29.

  29. Brecher, Nehru, 571– 572.

  30. Brecher, The New States of Asia, 130.

  31. Brecher, Nehru, 564– 565.

  32. Gopal, Jawaharlal Nehru, 2:170.

  33. Copy of the report from Special Branch Inspector, Patna (July 14, 1948),
    NAI, F-46(22)- AWT/48.

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