308 9. nehru and the era of deterioration, 1947– 1964
1957), and Lakshmi Menon (April 17, 1957, to April 10, 1962, and April 16,
1962, to May 27, 1964).
- They are Jawaharlal Nehru (1947– 1964), Lal Bahadur Sastri (1964– 1966),
Indira Gandhi (1966– 1977), Morarji Desai (1977– 1979), Charan Singh
(1979– 1980), Indira Gandhi (1980– 1984), Rajiv Gandhi (1984– 1989),
V. P. Singh (1989– 1990), Chandra Shekhar (1990– 1991), and P. V. Nara-
simha Rao (1991– 1996). Subsequently, India had the following prime
ministers: Atal Behari Vajpayee (1996), Deva Gowda (1996– 1997), I. K.
Gujral (1997– 1998), A. B. Vajpayee (1998– 2004), and Manmohan Singh
(2004–).
- Gopal, Jawaharlal Nehru, 1:344. The Jewish delegation, however, felt “most
of the real problems have either not been touched at all, or were touched on
slightly and casually and immediately hushed up.” “Report of the Inter-
Asian Conference” (April 17, 1947), CZA, S 25/7485, p. 2.
- The delegation also included the Sanskrit scholar Immanuel Olsvanger,
who came to India in 1936 as the offi cial emissary of the Jewish Agency, and
Ya’acov Shimoni, who later on joined the foreign ministry and shaped Isra-
el’s Asia policy.
- “Report of the Inter- Asian Conference” (April 17, 1947), CZA, S 25/7485, p. 4.
- For example, Nehru’s biographer refers to delegates from the “Hebrew Uni-
versity.” Gopal, Jawaharlal Nehru, 1:344.
- “Report of the Inter- Asian Conference,” CZA, S 25/7485, p. 4. Emphasis in
the original. In his speech over All- India Radio, Shimoni repeatedly re-
ferred to “our country.” For the transcript of Shimoni’s speech, see Asian
Relations Conference: Publicity Section (March 1947), CZA, S25/7485.
- Jansen, Afro- Asia and Non- Alignment, 45.
- Kochan, “Israel in the Third World Forums,” 248.
- “Report of the Inter- Asian Conference” (April 17, 1947), CZA, S 25/7485, p. 1.
- Jansen, Zionism, Israel, and Asian Nationalism, 191.
- For example, see Kochan, “Israel in the Third World Forums,” 248.
- “Report of the Inter- Asian Conference” (April 17, 1947), CZA, S 25/7485, p. 4.
- Ibid.
- For the complete text of Bergmann’s speech, see Asian Relations: Report of
the Proceedings and Documents of the First Asian Relations Conference, New
Delhi, March– April 1947.
- For the transcript of Shimoni’s speech, see Asian Relations Conference: Pub-
licity Section (March 1947), CZA, S25/7485.
- According to Shimoni, Nehru was not present when Bergmann spoke. “Re-
port of the Inter- Asian Conference,” CZA, S 25/7485, p. 8. However, it is not
clear if this was deliberate or due to Nehru’s other responsibilities.
- Jansen, Zionism, Israel, and Asian Nationalism, 192. See also Appadorai, “The
Asian Relations Conference in Perspective,” 281– 282.
- “Report of the Inter- Asian Conference,” CZA, S 25/7485, p. 8.
- Ibid.
- Nehru, Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru, Series II, 2:511.
