India\'s Israel Policy - P. R. Kumaraswamy

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  1. Ibid.

  2. “Report of the Inter- Asian Conference,” CZA, S 25/7485, p. 6. This position,
    however, was not shared by some members of the delegation, who “ascribed
    it to our being too sensitive.”

  3. Ibid., 9.

  4. He played a key role in the initial contacts between Israel and the People’s
    Republic of China. However, these contacts did not blossom into full diplo-
    matic ties.

  5. Held at Nehru’s residence, only his sister Vijayalakshmi Pandit and daugh-
    ter Indira Gandhi were present.

  6. “Report of the Inter- Asian Conference,” CZA, S 25/7485, p. 6.

  7. Ibid., 7.

  8. Panikkar, “A Memorandum on Hindu- Zionist Relations.”

  9. “Report of the Inter- Asian Conference,” CZA, S 25/7485, pp. 8– 9; Alfred
    Bonne, “Supplementary Notes to the Report of the Delegation on the Inter-
    Asian Conference in New Delhi” (April 30, 1947), CZA, S25/7485.

  10. Jansen, Afro- Asia and Non- Alignment, 71.

  11. The Zionist Review, quoted in Jansen, Zionism, Israel, and Asian Nationalism,
    194.

  12. Agwani, Contemporary West Asia, 154.

  13. Gopal, Jawaharlal Nehru, 2:169.

  14. Cited in Agwani, “The Palestine Confl ict in Asian Perspective,” 456. Inter-
    estingly, a couple of de cades later, India was instrumental in the formation
    of Bangladesh, whose in de pen dence was achieved by an India- backed war
    rather than through negotiations with Pakistan. Moreover, while an act of
    war can be unilateral, peace always demands the cooperation of two parties,
    something that the Arabs were not prepared to off er in 1948.

  15. Shiva Rao’s D. O. letter (April 30, 1949), NAI, F-32(6)- 1A/49.

  16. L. Panjabi to H. Z. Cynowitz (March 26, 1949), ISA, 2555/5.

  17. Advisory Opinion (May 28, 1948), ICJ, Reports of Judgment, Advisory Opin-
    ion and Orders, 65.

  18. Quoted in Appleton, The Eternal Triangle, 19.

  19. Israel and the United Nations, 50.

  20. Appleton, The Eternal Triangle, 26.

  21. For this statement and for a detailed discussion, see Ramakrishna Reddy,
    India’s Policy in the United Nations, 18– 22.

  22. This is often referred to as Israel’s “missed opportunity.” For a back-
    ground discussion, see Shichor, “Hide- and- Seek: Sino- Israeli Relations in
    Perspective.”

  23. The following discussion is based on Jansen, Afro- Asia and Non- Alignment,
    143– 168.

  24. Jansen, Zionism, Israel, and Asian Nationalism, 251.

  25. For example, see the speech of Pakistan’s foreign minister, Muhammad
    Zafrullah Khan, “Thanksgiving Day at Lake Success, New York, 27 Novem-
    ber 1949,” in Khalidi, ed., From Heaven to Conquest, 709– 722.

  26. nehru and the era of deterioration, 1947–1964 309

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