India\'s Israel Policy - P. R. Kumaraswamy

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  1. Joint communiqué by the prime ministers of Burma, Ceylon, India, Indonesia,
    and Pakistan, Colombo, 1954. In Jansen, Afro- Asia and Non- Alignment, 414.

  2. UN Resolution 194, adopted on December 11, 1948, was not as unequivocal
    and categorical on the Palestinian refugees as commonly believed, inter-
    preted, and presented. It declared that “the refugees wishing to return to
    their homes and live at peace with their neighbors should be permitted to do
    so at the earliest practicable date, and that compensation should be paid for
    the property of those choosing not to return.”

  3. Jansen, Afro- Asia and Non- Alignment, 164.

  4. Initially, Nehru was not favorable to the idea. Gopal, Jawaharlal Nehru, 2:232.

  5. For the complete text of the joint communiqué issued on December 29,
    1954, see India, MEA Report 1954– 1955, 55– 58.

  6. Behbehani, China’s Foreign Policy in the Arab World, 1955– 75, 4.

  7. They were Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen.

  8. Also excluded were apartheid South Africa and the breakaway Taiwanese
    republic, which was still a member of the United Nations as well as the Se-
    curity Council. Questioning the logic of the invitation, Michael Brecher ob-
    served: “the Gold Coast was invited even though it was two years away from
    in de pen dence, as was Ghana. As if to underline the inconsistency, both
    North and South Vietnam were invited, but the two Koreas were not.” Bre-
    cher, The New States of Asia, 133.

  9. In addition to eight Arab countries, Af ghan i stan, Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey
    attended the Bandung Conference.

  10. Jansen, Afro- Asia and Non- Alignment, 174– 175.

  11. Ibid., 175.
    5 9. Israel and the United Nations, 166.

  12. Quoted in Feiler, From Boycott to Economic Cooperation, 30.

  13. Quoted in Kochan, “Israel in Third World Forums,” 251. Emphasis added.

  14. Gopal, Jawaharlal Nehru, 2:232.

  15. In his assessment, “For us to be told... that the United States and the
    United Kingdom will not like the inclusion of China in the Afro- Asian con-
    ference is not very helpful. In fact, it is somewhat irritating. There are many
    things that the United States and the United Kingdom have done which we
    do not like at all.” In Gopal, Jawaharlal Nehru, 2:233.

  16. Brecher, The New States of Asia, 210– 211.

  17. Brecher, India and World Politics, 52.

  18. Ibid., 79.

  19. Ibid., 60.

  20. Jansen, Zionism, Israel, and Asian Nationalism, 259.

  21. Cited in ibid., 260.

  22. Brecher, India and World Politics, 79.

  23. Cited in Jansen, Zionism, Israel, and Asian Nationalism, 260.

  24. Jansen identifi ed them as Ceylon, Formosa, the Philippines, and Burma in
    1949; India and Thailand in 1950; and Japan in 1952. Jansen, Zionism, Israel,


310 9. nehru and the era of deterioration, 1947– 1964
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