India\'s Israel Policy - P. R. Kumaraswamy

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  1. Quoted in Selak, “A Consideration of the Legal Status of the Gulf of
    Aqaba,” 2:711.

  2. They are Egypt (100 miles), Saudi Arabia (100 miles), Israel (6.5 miles), and
    Jordan (3.5 miles).

  3. Selak, “A Consideration of the Legal Status of the Gulf of Aqaba,” 2:711.

  4. At its northern end, where all four states are contiguous, the breadth of
    the gulf is just three miles. The territorial zones claimed are six nautical
    miles each for Egypt, Israel, and Saudi Arabia, and three nautical miles for
    Jordan. Bloomfi eld, Egypt, Israel, and the Gulf of Aqaba in International
    Law, 2.

  5. Debates LS, series 1, vol. 9, part 2 (November 20, 1956), cols. 594– 595.

  6. Gopal, Jawaharlal Nehru, 2:290.

  7. Heikal, The Cairo Documents, 294.

  8. The Jerusalem Post (October 29, 1962).

  9. Maxwell, India’s China War, 385; Heikal, The Cairo Documents, 297; Mu-
    diam, India and the Middle East, 161– 162. This event subsequently got Israel
    into trouble with China, as Chairman Mao began using this arms supply to
    justify and impede Sino- Israeli ties.

  10. Heikal, The Cairo Documents, 297– 298. See also Heptulla, Indo- West
    Asian Relations, 191.

  11. India, MEA Report 1963– 1964, 45– 48. In the words of Gopal, “India was
    now prepared to obtain arms from any source. Even with Israel there were
    talks, which had soon to be ended because of Nasser’s opposition.” As in the
    case of Maulana Azad’s role regarding nonrelations with Israel, once again
    Gopal relied on an external source to make this argument, namely Heikal.
    Gopal, Jawaharlal Nehru, 3:224.

  12. For example, see Agwani, “India and West Asia,” 169– 171.
    10. The Years of Hardened Hostility, 1964– 1984


The epigraph to this chapter is taken from Agwani, Contemporary West Asia,
253.


  1. India, Documents of the Gatherings of Nonaligned Countries, 1961– 1979, 21.

  2. Korey, “India and Israel,” 8.

  3. Debates LS, series 3, vol. 44 (August 23, 1965), 1194– 1195.

  4. MEA Report 1965– 1966, 36– 37; MEA Report 1966– 1967, 31; Debates RS, vol.
    54 (November 22, 1965), col. 2127.

  5. Debates RS, vol. 54 (November 22, 1965), col. 2127.

  6. Personal interviews with Reuven Dafni, who served as Israeli consul during
    this period, in Jerusalem, 1992. Details, however, are not available.

  7. For a background discussion on the bilateral relations, see Kozichi, “Nepal
    and Israel.”


312 9. nehru and the era of deterioration, 1947– 1964
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