India\'s Israel Policy - P. R. Kumaraswamy

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  1. years of hardened hostility, 1964– 1984 313

  2. Though the Congress Party was in power, the communists had signifi cant
    infl uence in the state of West Bengal, which later on became the bastion of
    the Indian Left.

  3. Debates RS, vol. 55 (March 25, 1966), col. 4546– 4547.

  4. Debates RS, vol. 56 (May 3, 1966), col. 23.

  5. Under a bilateral treaty signed in July 1950, India enjoyed considerable in-
    fl uence and leeway in Nepalese foreign policy, and thus the row could also
    be interpreted as a discourtesy to the Himalayan kingdom.

  6. For the complete text, see Debates LS, series 4, vol. 3 (May 5, 1967), 871– 876.

  7. Debates LS, series 2, vol. 18 (August 14, 1958), 869– 880.

  8. In a letter dated November 6, 1956, to the UN Secretary General, India’s am-
    bassador, Arthur Lall, declared, “it is understood the Force [that is, UNEF] may
    have to function through Egyptian territory. Therefore, there must be Egyp-
    tian consent for its establishment.” Eayrs, The Commonwealth and Suez, 360.
    For a similar statement, see Debates RS, vol. 30 (August 11, 1960), col. 619.

  9. Chagla, Roses in December, 425.

  10. For the text of the June 5 opposition appeal to the prime minister, see
    Debates LS, series 4, vol. 4 (June 6, 1967), 3296.

  11. Debates LS, series 4, vol. 4 (June 6, 1967), 3315. However, for an equally forceful
    but opposite argument made by Indira Gandhi, who advised caution on the
    Czech crisis, see Debates LS, series 4, vol. 20 (August 22, 1968), 459– 462.

  12. Debates LS, series 4, vol. 7 (July 18, 1967), 12702.

  13. A detailed account of the diplomatic eff orts leading up to the adoption of
    Security Council Resolution 242 can be found in Bailey, The Making of Reso-
    lution 242.
    2 0. Debates LS, series 4 (June 6, 1967), 3316.

  14. For the text of the AICC resolution, see Zaidi and Zaidi, eds., Encyclopedia
    INC, 19:356– 357.

  15. During this period, there was a threat of early elections to the Lok Sabha.
    Kozichi, “Indian Policy Towards the Middle East,” 786.

  16. Chagla, Roses in December, 426.

  17. Bhargava, India and West Asia.

  18. Jha, From Bandung to Tashkent, 308– 309.

  19. Baxter, The Jana Sangh, 306. Emphasis added.

  20. At the time of the war, UNEF had about eight thousand soldiers from Brazil,
    Canada, Colombia, Denmark, Finland, India, Indonesia, Norway, Sweden,
    and Yugo slavia. Rikhye, The Sinai Blunder, 2.

  21. Ibid., 151.
    2 9. Times of India (June 7, 1967).

  22. Singh, “India and the Crisis,” 79.

  23. Rikhye, The Sinai Blunder, 151.

  24. Ibid., 150.

  25. Ibid., 152.

  26. Ibid.

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