314 10. years of hardened hostility, 1964– 1984- Ibid.
- Ibid., 154.
- Ibid., 155.
- Frisch, “Has the Israeli- Palestinian Confl ict Become Islamic?” 393.
3 9. Debates LS, 4:32 (August 28, 1969), 251– 252.
4 0. Debates RS, 59 (August 28, 1969), col. 5919. - Patriot (August 27, 1969).
4 2. Times of India (August 29, 1969). - The Hindu (Chennai) (September 10, 1969).
4 4. National Herald (New Delhi) (August 30, 1969). - Ibid.
4 6. Annual Report of the Security Council, 1969, reproduced in Palestine Docu-
ments (1970), 475. Emphasis added. - A detailed and dispassionate discussion of the OIC can be found in Baba,
Organisation of Islamic Conference. - Singh, “Oral History: India at the Rabat Islamic Summit (1969),” 106.
Some have wrongly argued that since “Zakir Hussein (1977– 1969) was
then President of India, an offi cial delegation was invited to attend.” Man-
singh, India’s Search for Power, 211. Hussein had passed away in May, and
on August 24, V. V. Giri took over as the new president of India. - Baba, Organisation of Islamic Conference, 65.
- Noorani, “Rabat: Religion and Diplomacy.”
- Soz, “The OIC and Indian Muslims,” 125.
- Mansingh, India’s Search for Power, 212.
- Dixit, My South Block Years, 300– 301. See also Agwani, Contemporary West
Asia, 240.
5 4. Debates LS, 4:33 (November 17, 1969), 430. - Debates RS, 70 (November 21, 1969), col.810. In his personal recollections
more than thirty years later, India’s ambassador in Rabat at that time, Gur-
bachan Singh, did not admit the existence of a written invitation. See his
“Oral History,” 105– 120. - Quoted in Noorani, “Rabat: Religion and Diplomacy.”
- Debates LS, 4:33 (November 18, 1969), 135, 146.
- Quoted in Noorani, “Rabat: Religion and Diplomacy.”
- For a statement by Foreign Minister Dinesh Singh, see Debates LS, 3:38
(February 22, 1965), 651. - Quoted in Bahadur, “Pakistan as a Factor in Indo- OIC Relations,” 21. This
was not the fi rst occasion when the subcontinent cast a shadow over interna-
tional Muslim gatherings. As early as in 1926, the Mecca conference was
dominated over the usage of Urdu. While the Arab participants declared
Arabic, the language of the Qur’an, as the pan- Islamic one, non- Arab par-
ticipants primarily from India insisted on speaking in Urdu or En glish. The
same confl ict occurred in 1931, when the mufti hosted the General Muslim
Congress in 1931. Kupferschmidt, “The General Muslim Congress of 1931 in
Jerusalem,” 126– 127.