- prelude to normalization 317
of his mother, Indira. During Nehru’s seventeen- year tenure as prime min-
ister, his daughter often accompanied him on foreign tours and took part in
many meetings with foreign dignitaries. For example, she was present dur-
ing the lunch Nehru gave to the Israeli diplomat Walter Eytan in February
- For a detailed discussion of his term as prime minister, see Sengupta, Rajiv
Gandhi. - Kumaraswamy, “The Star and the Dragon.” For a detailed discussion on
Sino- Saudi ties, see Shichor, East Wind Over Arabia. - ADL International Report: India’s Campaign Against Israel.
- The Hindu (Madras) (December 30, 1988).
- Khergamvala, “Covert Contact with Israel,” The Hindu (January 18, 1989).
He also highlights internal opposition within India regarding Israel. - “Leak to Media by Jewish Leader Aborts Improvement of India- Israel Sta-
tus,” Middle East Times (July 23– 29, 1988); Joseph, “Solarz Gushes Over
Thaw in Indo- Israeli Ties,” Pioneer (January 31, 1992). - “Jewish Leaders and Solarz Meet Gandhi,” India Abroad (June 17, 1988);
Akbar, “New York Diary,” Tel e g raph (Calcutta) (June 12, 1988). - Ha’aretz (July 15, 1988), in FBIS- NES (July 19, 1988): 45; India Today (Sep-
tember 30, 1988): 155. - Interestingly, exactly three years later, as prime minister, Rao normalized
relations, and Singh became India’s fi rst ambassador to Israel. - Hordes, “Is India Rethinking Its Policy on Israel?” 3– 5.
- Khergamvala, “Covert Contact with Israel.”
- For details of this attack, see Perlmutter, Handel, and Bar- Joseph, Two Min-
utes Over Baghdad. - Israeli Foreign Aff airs (April 1987): 4.
- See the text of Pollard’s August 1986 memo to the court, in Henderson, Pol-
lard, 51– 78; Indian Express (March 28, 1988); Blitzer, Territory of Lies, 168–
169; and Israeli Foreign Aff airs (April 1987): 1. - Sunday Observer (New Delhi) (January 17, 1988). Emphasis added.
- For the text of his speech, see Indian Express (October 14– 15, 1985).
- The Islamic Bomb, written by Steve Weissman and Herbert Krosney (1981),
propagated this idea and was quickly picked up by others. - However, a formal agreement to this eff ect was signed on December 31,
1988, and came into force in January 1993, nearly two years after Gandhi’s
assassination. - For a detailed discussion, see Kumaraswamy, “India, Israel, and the Davis
Cup Tie 1987.” - For a fi rst- person account, see Dayan, Breakthrough, 26– 29.
- India eventually lost to Sweden in the fi nals. India previously had reached
the Davis Cup fi nals in 1974. By refusing to play against the apartheid re-
gime, it forfeited the match to South Africa, which was awarded the title. - The following year, however, India refused to play the relegation match,
thereby underscoring the limitations of sanctions.
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