348 i n d e x
administration, 224– 35; Shastri
administration (1964– 1966), 201– 2;
Shekhar government, 235; social
upheaval of the late 1980s and early
1990s, 269– 70; and Suez crisis of
1956, 196– 98; summary of reasons
for lack of normalization, 18– 24;
visas denied to Israeli passport
holders, 217, 223; V. P. Singh
government, 235. See also Cold War;
Gandhi, Indira; international
climate; Nehru, Jawaharlal;
normalization of relations with
Israel
India and Palestine: The Evolution of a
Policy (government report), 176
India- Israel relations (1952– 1992): visas
denied to Israeli passport holders,
226
India- Israel relations (post- 1992), 23,
268; and al- Aqsa intifada, 251– 54,
262, 272; bilateral relations with
provincial governments, 251; and
collapse of the Soviet Union, 239;
defense ties, 256– 58; diff erentiation
of bilateral interests from peace
pro cess, 248– 49, 272– 73; domestic
opposition to normalization, 242– 45;
domestic politics, 240– 41; India’s
position on Palestinians following
normalization, 246– 47, 268, 272;
India’s recognition of Israel’s
security concerns, 248; international
responses to normalization, 258– 63;
low profi le of improved relations,
250, 252; and the Middle East/Arab
countries, 260– 61; national
consensus on Israel, 251– 52, 262;
National Demo cratic Alliance (NDA)
co ali tion government (1998– 2004),
141, 160– 62, 248, 251, 252, 262;
normalization of relations with
Israel, 224, 239, 271; Pakistan
decoupled from Middle East policy,
261; parallel ties, 245– 48; po liti calIndia- Israel relations (continued)
recognition, 3; reasons for delayed
recognition, 116– 17; slow movement
toward recognition, 111– 15; and Suez
Crisis of 1956, 124. See also
normalization of relations with
Israel; recognition of Israel
India- Israel relations (1952– 1992), 23;
and al- Aqsa mosque attack of 1969,
210– 11; Azad’s infl uence in deferring
normalization, 18– 19; and Bandung
Afro- Asiatic Conference of 1955,
190– 96; and Camp David accords,
218– 19; contrast to China and
Pakistan policies, 2; deteriorating
relations with Israel (1955– 1964),
196– 200; domestic opposition to
India’s pro- Arab Middle East
policies, 17; freedom of expression
curtailed during state of emergency
(1975– 1977), 217; hardened hostilities
1964– 1984, 201– 23; India’s
affi rmation of Israel’s right to exist,
218, 232; India’s vote for UN
Resolution 3379 on Zionism as
racial discrimination as low point of
relations, 216– 17; Indira Gandhi
administration (1966– 1977), 203;
Indira Gandhi administration
(1980– 1984), 221– 23; Indo- Pakistani
war of 1965, 6, 202; Indo- Pakistani
war of 1971 (Bangladesh war), 6,
214– 17, 276n22; Israel excluded
from Asian Games, 223; Israeli
consul expelled for comments on
Arab infl uences, 222; Janata Party
government (1977– 1979), 217– 21;
and June war of 1967, 204– 10 (see
also June war of 1967); prelude to
normalization, 224– 37; private
opinions of leaders, 3; private
sympathy vs. public hostility toward
Israel, 4– 5; and Rabat conference
of 1969, 210– 14 (see also Rabat
Islamic summit); Rajiv Gandhi