145of cooperation and began evolving positions that were not radically differ-
ent from one another. In the past, the Cold War divide precluded a shared
worldview and this has not been the case during the past decade. Despite
nuanced differences over issues such as Iranian nuclear controversy and civil
war situations in some parts of the Middle East, both the countries are com-
mitted to the territorial integrity of the post-Ottoman states in the region.
Greater confidence on the part of India and the Saudi desire to diversifica-
tion are complementary as both recognize the need to transform the buyer-
seller energy relations and expand into other forms of economic and strategic
partnership. Even if the progress had been limited and less inspiring, the
road-map is clear. This was possible primarily because of the critical shift in
India’s foreign policy, namely, delinking Pakistan from its dealings with the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and more robust engagements since May 2014.
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THE SHIFT