88 MARK wOOLMER
56 Oliver 2007 : 31.
57 The scholion on Demosthenes’ speech Against Leptines (20.113) clearly states that ateleia
related to both liturgies and commercial taxes: ‘Ateleia is twofold; for it relates either to
commerce or to liturgies’.
58 Walbank 1990 : 442 no. 10; Lambert 2006 : 53; Engen 2010 : 287–8 no. 10. Because the
unknown honorands are also granted asylia for both themselves and the goods they trans-
ported, it is almost certain that they were professional merchants and that they were hon-
ored for commercial services.
59 Lambert 2006 : 136 n. 100.
60 IG II^2 141.
61 IG II^2 283; IG II^2 337 (= IG II^3 337); IG II^2 342 (= IG II^3 468ab); IG II^2 343 (= IG II^3 379);
IG II^2 360 b.
62 Burke 1992 : 209 with n. 41. See also Engen 2010 : 192–7.
63 Dem. 20.30–33; Isoc. 17.57. Henry 1983 : 22–38.
64 Dem. 10.37–40. Engen 2010 : 159–60; Isager and Hansen 1975 : 54.
65 Boeckh 1842 : 154–550; Michell 1957 : 363; Trevett 1992 : 24, n. 10.
66 Gauthier 1972 : 389–90.
67 Lewis 1975 : 263.
68 Gauthier 1972 : 157–66; Ziegler 1975 : 62–5.
69 de Ste. Croix 1961 : 100–8; Reed 2003 : 31–2, n. 29.
70 Cohen 1973 : 163–84.
71 Paoli 1930 : 105–9; Gernet 1955 : 162–3; Harrison 1968 : 175; Todd 1993 : 192–4.
72 The most sustained attempt to define the requirements for a case to be deemed as dike
emporike is given by the speaker in Dem. 32.1. For instance, Paoli 1930 : 101–5; Gernet
1938 : 1–44; 1955: 186–7; and Todd 1993 : 336, propose that the commercial courts must either
have involved disputes arising from the import or export of goods to or from Athens, or,
disputes that had arisen in relation to a voyage between two other regions but in which
there was a written contract. In contrast, Cohen 1973 : 99–114; 1992: 104; Isager and Hansen
1975 : 87; Burke 1992 : 210; Rhodes 1981 : 664–5; and Wilson 1997 : 199–207 suggest that both
a written contract and the movement of goods to or from Athens were required to make a
case eligible to be heard in the commercial courts see. The problem with all these interpre-
tations is that they translate the Greek word symbolaion as ‘contract,’ which is incorrect. The
term refers to all obligations arising from delict or contract. See de Ste. Croix 1961 : 102.
Harris forthcoming shows that the application of the law is broader than previous scholars
have recognized.
73 Harrison 1971 : 16, 21, 154; Gauthier 1974 : 424–5; Vélissaropoulos 1980 : 241–5; and Isager
and Hansen 1975 : 85 consider that, when applied to maritime suits, the term ‘monthly’
(either kata mena or emmenoi) should be understood as meaning that cases had to be set-
tled within a month. In contrast, Cohen 1973 : 23–36; MacDowell 1978 : 321–2; Rhodes
1981 : 583; 1995, 315; and Hansen 1983 : 167–70 think that the term is used to indicate that
cases could be heard every month.
74 For explicit recognition of the correlation between the enforcement of contracts and the
volume of trade passing through the Piraeus see Dem. 56.49.
75 Christ 1998 : 141–2.
76 Agoranomoi: [Arist.] Ath. Pol. 51. 2 ; A r. Ach. 723, 824, 968 and Stanley 1976 : 198–217; Millett
1990 : 192; Migeotte 1997 : 37–8; 2005: 287–301; Bresson 2000 : 183–206. Metronomoi: Stanley
1976 : 212–17. Sitophylakes: Lys. 22.5.8; [Arist.] Ath. Pol. 51.3 and Stanley 1976 : 302–7; Rhodes
1981 : 577–8; Gauthier 1981 : 19–28; Figueira 1986 ; Garland 1987 : 77–8. Epimeletai tou empo-
riou: [Arist.] Ath. Pol. 51. 4. Dokimastai: see lines 37–8 of the Athenian law on silver coinage
published in Stroud 1974 : 157–88. See also Stanley 1976 : 51, 189, n. 71, 200, 282.
77 Harris 2006 : 146.
78 Ehrenberg 1932 ; Vanderpool 1968.
79 Harris 2013 : 30–1.