214 TANIA PANAgOU
Pella (one). Three stamps attributed to Gargara have been found in Pergamon
and one of unknown origin is kept in the collection of the National Museum
in Warsaw.
The fact that stamps of these cities have been found in distant locations prob-
ably indicates different dynamics from those of the cities with strictly regional
finds (subgroup 1a). Still, in the face of the small total number of stamps and
the limited number of find spots, there is no evidence for well-organized and
major, long-term routes of exchange. Among these cities, the cases of Abdera
and Oisyme stand out because they are known from more finds (twenty-nine
and twelve stamps in contrast to three or four from the rest of the cities of this
category). They show a tendency toward a more expanded version of this class
(see subgroup 2b).Category 2: Cities with Medium Distribution of their Amphora Stamps
Medium distribution is found in twenty-one small- and medium-size produc-
tions. It does not reflect a medium radius of finding places around the place
of origin, but a medium number of finding spots and actual stamps found.
We may again group these productions into three subgroups according to the
sites and to the numbers of stamps found. In six cases there is a general scat-
tering of finds, that is, a medium-size participation in a wide trade network; in
eight cases they have been found mainly regionally, indicating strong regional
exchanges supplemented by some broader trading activity; finally, in seven
cases one can trace particular concentrations in certain regions for reasons that
remain to be investigated.Subgroup 2a: General Dispersal
First, we list here the stamped amphora productions of six cities: Abydos (pos-
sible dating from the fourth to early third century BCE), Alexandria Troas
(probable date in the third century BCE), Colophon (uncertain dating from
the mid-fourth to the mid-third century BCE), Cyzicus (vaguely dated to the
fourth or third century BCE), Lesbos (dated from the end of the fifth to the
fourth century BCE) and Ouranopolis (dated to the end of the fourth until
the beginning of the third century BCE). These productions tend to show a
general medium-sized dispersion at various locations without any particular
concentration (see Table 9.1).
Based on the findings shown in Table 9.1 and in comparison to the previous
category of limited stamp distribution, we may suggest that these cities partic-
ipated on a regular basis in a wide trade network. However, they are known
only by a few items, which may indicate that they were probably relatively
short-term efforts.