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Table 12.2.
The Date and Origin of Commodities in Aegean-Levantine Trade, c. 600–300 BC
ENGLISH
ID
TEXT
ARCH
DAT E
ORIGIN
COP’D
Alabaster
alabaster*
G/S?
Ye s
BA
Levant, Egypt
yes
Alkanet
Anchousa tinctoria
G/S?
PP?
ubiquitous
Almond (oil)
Amygdalus communis*
G/S
yes
BA
ubiquitous
Alum
(various)
G
BA
Egypt
Amber
amber
G
yes
BA
Europe
Amomon
Amomum sublatum
G
PP?
Far East
Antimony
antimony
G/S
IA?
Levant?
Art works
N/A
G
yes
BA
ubiquitous
yes
Asafoetida (*Galbanum)Azurite
copper carbonate hydroxide
G?
yes
PP?
Levant
yes
Balanos (oil)
Balanites aegyptica
G
PP?
Egypt
Balm (*Myrrh)Balsam (*Myrrh)Bdellium (*Myrrh)Beryls (emerald)
beryl
G/S?
PP?
Far East?
yes?
Bitumen
bitumen
G/S
yes
PP?
Levant, Mid East
Black Cumin
Nigella sativa
yes
BA
Levant, Egypt
Calamus
Acorus calamus*
G/S
BA
Arabia, Levant
Chalcedony
(various)
G/S?
yes
BA
ubiquitous
Camel’s Thorn (aspalathus)
Alhagi spp.
*
G
PP
Levant?
Cardamom
Elettaria cardamomum
G
PP?
Far East
Cassia
Cinnamomum cassia
G/S
PP?
Far East
Castor Oil
Ricinus communis
G/S
PP
Egypt
Cats (leopard, cheetah)
Panthera pardus, Acinonyx jubatus
G
PP
Africa Asia Min?
Cedar
Cedrus libani
G/S
PP
Levant
Cerrusite (*Ochre)
lead carbonate
Chalk (*Gypsum)
calcium carbonate
(continued
)
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