INTRODUCTION 33
public finance, that of Davies the role of temple finance, that of Descat slave labour, that
of Müller euergetism, that of Chandezon estate management and book-keeping, and those
of Archibald and Oliver the mobility of people (with some attention to labour markets).
Manning’s essay has the word ‘markets’ in the title but contains little discussion of market
exchange.
49 Goody 2006 : 46. The recent books of Bissa 2009 and Engen 2010 contain hardly any
discussion of markets and market exchange and are heavily influenced by Finley’s
assumptions.
50 Despite the widespread presence of marketplaces, Hansen and Nielsen 2004 : 1376–81 do
not include the agora in their list of the standard architectural features of a Greek polis.
However, Hansen 2006 : 104 notes that ‘every polis had an agora’ and provides a critique of
the Finleyan view of the subsistence economy, showing that markets were important to all
citizens of Greek poleis (Hansen 2006 : 85–97).
51 On the agora in Greek city-states, see Hoepfner and Lehmann 2006 ; Ampolo 2012 ;
Chankowski and Karvonis 2012.
52 Cf. Bohannon and Dalton 1962 : 1: ‘To study markets it is necessary that the distinction
between the institution of the market place and the institution of market exchange be
pointed up clearly. The market place is a specific site where a group of buyers and a group
of sellers meet. The market principle is the determination of prices by the forces of supply
and demand regardless of the scale of transactions .. .’ Cf. Goody 2006 : 41: ‘[T] his discussion
depends upon a difference being made between substantive markets (a market place), and an
abstract principle of market exchange. My argument is that one does not have one without
the other’ and Goody 2006 : 42–3: ‘In my view, the attempt completely to separate off market
places and market principles (supply and demand) from other transactional modes is doomed
to failure.’
53 Polanyi 1968 : 139–74.
54 Compare the title of Roman and Dalaison 2008 : ‘L’économie antique, une économie de
marché?’
55 Polanyi 1957a: 69.
56 Cf. Goody 2006 : 45.
57 Cf. Migeotte 2008 : 81: ‘les cités grecques ont connu une <<économie à marchés>>.’
Migeotte distinguishes among three levels: local exchanges, regional markets and large-scale
networks for a certain number of commodities, in particular luxury goods. He does not
discuss labour markets and credit markets.
58 Archibald 2013 : 88–105 sees that there are different types of markets but does not analyze
the different types in a systematic way.
59 For the date of the social background of the Homeric poems, see Crielaard 1995b.
60 On the meaning of the term agora in the Iliad and Odyssey, see Schuller 2006.
61 On providing markets for armies, see Pritchett 1971 : 45–6.
62 Berry 1967 : 93.
63 See Nollé 1982 : 21–8.
64 In Campania urban market schedules ‘were deliberately arranged in such a way as to enable
itinerant salesmen and other market participants to attend nundinae of different towns on
successive days of the market week’ (de Ligt 1993 : 237).
65 For the sale of slaves at a panegyris, see Paus. 10.32.15–16.
66 Psoma 2008.
67 Berry 1967 : 90.
68 See North 1990 passim.
69 See Harris 2002a: 74–6.
70 Thompson and Wycherley 1972 : 171 note that the book stalls were probably near the old
orchestra in the middle of the agora, since Plato (A p. 26d-e) has Socrates point out that the
works of Anaxagoras could be bought there for a drachma.