36 EDwaRD M. HaRRIs aND DavID M. LEwIs
(soropegos: Ar. Nub. 846; soropoios: Poll. Onom. 10.150); rope-maker (skoinoplokos: Callias
I testimonia i-ii K-A); door-maker (thuropoios: Aristomenes testimonia i-ii K-A; Poll.
Onom. 7.111); well-digger (phreorychos: Philyllius fr. 17 K-A.); gold-seller (chruso-
poles: Ameipsias fr. 26 K-A); sieve-maker (koskinopoios: Philyllius fr. 13 K-A); sieve-seller
(koskinopoles: Nicophon fr. 10 K-A); sardine-seller (membradopoles: Nicophon fr. 10
K-A, a sub-specialization of ichthuopoles) ; dried fig-seller (ischadopoles: Nicophon fr. 10
K-A); leather-seller (diphtheropoles: Nicophon fr. 10 K-A, but must be the same as bur-
sopoles in Harris 2002a) ; barley-dealer (alphitopoles: Nicophon fr. 10 K-A, but must be
the same as alphitamoibos in Harris 2002a [but see the remarks of Ehrenberg 1962: 119
note 6 on alphitamoibos]); spoon-seller (mystriopoles: Nicophon fr. 10 K-A); cake-seller
(enkridopoles: Nicophon fr. 10 K-A); seed-seller (spermatopoles: Nicophon fr. 10 K-A);
ribbon-seller (tainiopolis: Eupolis fr. 262 K-A); yoke-maker (zygopoios: Pherecrates fr.
137 K-A); cartwright (hamaxourgos: Ar. Eq. 464); trough-maker (holmopoios: Arist. Pol.
1275b.28); pestle-maker (doidukopoios: Plut. Phoc. 4.1); shield-seller (kapelos aspidon: Ar.
Pax 447); ring-maker (daktyliourgos: Pherecrates fr. 234 K-A; Philyllius fr. 14 K-A, but must
be the same as daktyliopoios in Harris 2002a) ; maker of mattocks (ho ... sminuas poion: Ar.
Pax 546); sausage-maker (allantopoios – the profession of the father of one of Socrates’
students: Diog. Laert. 2.60 – but must be the same as allantopoles, who both manufactures
and sells sausages: see Ar. Eq. 160–161; 356–358); flute-borer (aulotrupes: Strattis fr. 3 K-A;
Arist. Prob. 919b7 – but must be the same as aulopoios in Harris 2002a) ; image-maker (koro-
plathos: Pl. Tht. 147b, Isoc. 15.2; Strattis fr. 21 K-A); quail-catcher (ortygotheras: Pl. Euthyd.
290d); quail-rearer (ortygotrophos: Pl. Euthyd. 290d; Ar. fr. 242 Kock; Eupolis fr. 226 K-A);
sheep-seller (probatokapelos: Callias I fr. 21 K-A, but must be the same as probatopoles in
Harris 2002 ) ; fowler/ bird-catcher (ornitheutes: Ar. Av. 526; Pl. Leg. 824b; Plato Comicus
fr. 172 K-A); slave-dealer (andrapodokapelos: Hyp. Against Timandros lines 31–2); pig-seller
(choiropoles: Ar. fr. 589 K-A; Ach. 818 ) ; bran-seller (kyrebiopoles: Ar. fr. 716); laurel-seller
(daphnopoles: Ar. fr. 805); wheat-groat seller (chidropoles: Poll. 7.199); mill-stone cutter
(mulokopos: Poll. Onom. 7.20); house-builder: (oikodomos: Ar. fr. 186 K-A; Pl. Prt. 319b);
seller of emetics (syrmaiopoles: Ar. fr. 269b K-A); carriers of clay or mortar (hoi pelo-
phorountes: Ar. Eccl. 310).
124 Cf. Pl. Resp. 370c-e.
125 Millett 1984 views the world of Hesiod’s Works and Days as a ‘peasant’ society. Although
rightly critical of some of the more dubious attempts to upgrade Hesiod to a quasi-aristocrat,
Millett places Hesiod too close to the ‘peasants occasionally and reluctantly exchanging
produce’ that M. Darling studied in India. Hesiod’s advice to Perses envisages a farm whose
surplus can be disposed of by maritime traders (Op. 618–694) and that is worked by slave
labour (Op. 441, 459, 470, 502, 573, 597, 608, 766), allowing the proprietor to buy Byblian
wine (Op. 589), hire temporary labour (Op. 602–603) and aspire to purchase the land
of another man (Op. 341). These passages show that however important an ideology of
self-sufficiency is to the Works and Days (e.g. Canevaro 2013 ) it did not reflect economic
realities. For a more judicious analysis of Hesiod’s economic position, see van Wees 2009.
126 For autarkeia as the Greek ideal, see Austin and Vidal-Naquet 1977 : 13, 15–17, 41–2, 46, 90,
108, 132, 191, 203–4, 292, 295, 334, 377–8. Foxhall 2007 : 37 writes that ‘autarkia was impor-
tant, at least as a moral value and perhaps as an economic value as well.’ This analysis of the
passages from Aristotle draws on Harris 2015 : 192–6.
127 Austin & Vidal-Naquet 1977 : 162–8; Finley 1973 : 40–4.
128 Aristotle appears to allude to popular views here, but it is worth noting that Plato used
the terms oikonomia and chrematistike interchangeably (Resp. 415e and 417a). Aristotle him-
self in the Ethics (1094a9) says that the goal of oikonomia is wealth. On this topic, see
Faraguna 1994.
129 For the meaning of oikos (‘one’s assets’), see MacDowell 1989. It should not be translated as
‘family.’ This is certainly the definition Xenophon has Socrates follow (1.6).