The Roman Empire. Economy, Society and Culture

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256 NOTES TO PAGES 218–222


24 See Hatzfeld (1919); Price (1984); Robert (1941); Frézouls (1959) and (1961);
Reynolds (1981). We are extremely grateful to Joyce Reynolds for sharing her
interpretation of the Sebasteion.


25 Strong (1976), 102–6, etc.; Toynbee (1971), 270–7.


26 Momigliano (1975); Schlumberger (1970); Avi-Yonah (1961); Colledge (1976);
Millar (1968), (1971), (1983b).


27 Citations from Hardie (1983), 3, and ch. 1, passim (Naples), and Millar
(1983b), 57 (Sardinia), Apuleius, Apol. 98.8–9. In general, Millar (1968).


28 John Chrysostom, Hom. ad pop. Ant. 19.1 with Millar (1971), esp. 5–8; Brown
(1968), 88 n.22. It is a theme of Leveau (1984), that the city and the nearer
territory, organised by the villas, form an ‘ensemble’, to be clearly separated
from the outer territory. For urban– rural as a cultural distinction, see
MacMullen (1974).


29 Mócsy (1970) and (1974), e.g. 147ff., 247ff.; Gerov (1980), 21ff. For Spain, see
Le Roux and Tranoy (1973); Etienne et al. in Pippidi (1976) – contributions in
the same volume by Beaujeu, Pippidi and Protase are of value. On non-Roman
names, see L’onomastique latine (1977), pt. 4.


30 Brogan (1965); Brogan and Reynolds (1985); Millar (1968), 132; Brown
(1968), 88.


31 A theme of Shaw (1983), at 144–8.


32 Miles (1982); Wightman, (1970), 139ff., 150ff.


33 Branigan (1982), at 94.


34 Harper (1928); Boak (1935); Hobson (1985).


35 Goodman (1983).

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