316 INDEX
102, 230; provincials in, 22–5, 28,
30, 51–3, 56, 64, 77, 120, 146,
177, 214, 230, 233; social values
of, 39, 72, 136–8, 140, 142–5,
153, 156–9, 163–7, 169, 175, 178,
180–1, 195, 208, 232, 251 n. 19;
see also decurions; equestrians;
senate and senators; status
Arles, x–xi, 120, 215, 227
Armenia, 21, 57
Arminius, 30, 57, 61–2
army, 3–8, 10–11, 16–17, 27, 46–8, 53,
55–6, 63, 77, 102, 114, 116–17,
119, 134–5, 140, 146, 160, 163,
171, 174, 182, 196, 207, 213–14,
218, 220–1, 224, 229–30, 232,
234, 236; and frontiers, 4, 10, 18,
21, 24, 29, 32, 36, 63, 72, 83, 120;
and political power, 3, 5, 6–7,
9–11, 16, 18, 29, 32, 114, 131,
137, 182, 197; and religion, 189,
191, 193, 196, 198; and taxes, 35,
52, 54, 119, 127; auxiliary units,
23, 29, 37, 58, 60, 102, 114, 120,
146; cost of, 53–4, 114–15,
119–20; demobilisation of, 17;
deserters, 16, 56, 58; legions, 4–6,
17, 23–4, 29, 31, 37, 57, 63, 83–4,
102, 114, 117, 120, 127, 138,
146, 238 n. 41, 246 n. 10; offi cers,
9, 23–4, 29, 36–8, 48, 53, 61, 134,
137, 146, 148, 233; mutinies, 5;
recruitment, 7, 13, 17, 23–4,
29–31, 46, 54, 58, 60, 102, 120,
135, 138, 146, 220–1, 246 n. 1;
requisitions, 46, 52, 77, 83, 112,
117–20; supply of, 72, 75, 77, 82,
83–4, 109, 111, 114–20, 127, 221,
229, 231, 246 n. 10; see also food
supply; Mithras; praetorian guard;
veterans
art, xi, 11, 171, 211–14, 216, 218,
220–1, 227; Celtic, 65, 216;
Christian, 227; domestic, x,
212–13; history of, 171, 204;
public, 212, 216, 235; see also
architecture
Arval Acta, see epigraphic documents
Asclepius, 193; apocalypse of, 61
Asia Minor, ix, 23–5, 28, 42–4, 50,
55–6, 59, 93, 118, 121–2, 125,
135, 188, 191, 217–18, 222–3;
province of Asia, 36, 47, 125, 135,
188, 242 n.44
Aspendus, 55
assemblies, Roman, 4, 8–10, 51, 176,
210; Phocian, 44
astrology, 196, 208
Athens, ix, 51, 55, 98, 110, 125, 146,
157–8, 163, 191, 210, 215–16,
218
Augustales, 143, 147
Augustine, 158, 192, 215, 219–20, 251
n. 29
Augustus, 3–5, 7–12, 14–15, 17–18,
20–1, 25, 32, 36, 38–9, 42–3,
48–50, 55–8, 64, 78, 84, 94, 98,
109–15, 118, 123, 131, 134, 136,
139–40, 143, 145, 151, 155–6,
160, 166–7, 174–5, 182, 187–91,
193–7, 200, 207, 209–10, 212,
217–18, 224, 229, 231–6, 313,
237 n. 12, 238 n. 23, 40, 41, 246
n. 3; see also emperors, fora
Aurelian, 7, 16, 112, 314
Avidius Cassius, 16, 59
Axumite, 57Baetica, 26, 50, 54, 190
Balbinus, 237 n. 8
Balkans, 7, 17, 31–2, 57, 109, 198,
224, 229, 240 n. 21
banditry, 16, 26, 56–7, 60, 64, 183,
226
Bang, P., 53–4, 89–90, 127
banking, 79, 81–2, 90
banquets, 140, 144, 176, 181, 232;
see also dining
Bar Kosiba [Kochba], 61, 63
Batavi, 57–8, 62, 64
Bessi, 62
bilingualism, see languages,
multilingualism
Bithynia, 30, 49–51, 56, 182, 188; see
also Pliny the younger, as governor
bookkeeping, 49–51, 71, 79, 100;
imperial, 38
Boudicca, 30, 57–8, 60, 62, 64