INDEX 325106–8, 121–2, 126, 133, 135–6,
220–1, 232, 245 n. 14
peculium, 142, 160, 163
Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, 57
Persia, 17, 21–2, 227
Petronius, Satyricon, 72, 143, 163
Philo, 227
philosophers, philosophy, 50, 60, 121,
143–4, 168, 179, 183, 196–7, 204,
208, 210–11, 215, 224, 227, 235
piracy, 16
Piso, conspirator against Nero, 14;
opponent of Germanicus, 5
‘plague’, 198; Antonine, 53, 78, 90,
238 n. 40, 239 n. 46; Justinianic,
78
plains, 21, 25–6, 94, 96
Platonism, 226
plebs, 82, 86, 111, 143, 147, 174–5,
180–2, 234
Pliny the elder, 19, 21, 27, 31, 84,
93–4, 120, 137, 223–4, 226
Pliny the younger, 13–15, 49, 85–6,
91–5, 97–100, 135, 140–2, 144,
153, 156–9, 165–6, 168–9, 174–5,
178–80, 210, 215, 235; as
governor of Bithynia/Pontus,
49–52, 82, 197; as husband,
157–8
Plutarch, 24, 158, 177, 226
Polanyi, K. 75
police, 38, 63, 182, 243 n. 19
polis, see cities
Pompeii, ix, 86, 90, 203, 212, 227, 255
n. 8
Pompey, 3, 182, 193, 218, 242 n. 44
Pontus, 25, 49, 51, 182
population, 17, 20, 33, 43–4, 54, 64,
67, 78, 83–4, 86, 88, 90, 107, 123,
132, 138, 147, 161, 165, 167,
171, 203, 238 n. 40; density, 33,
94; migration, 22, 31, 78, 82, 123,
126, 214, 220, 229–30; see also
Italy; Rome
pottery, see ceramics
poor, 43, 56, 60, 65, 92, 102, 122,
124–5, 132, 147–8, 163, 175, 231,
234, 236; poverty, 26, 79, 101,
141, 230
power, powers, 32, 39, 41–2, 125, 133,
141, 144, 147, 180, 187–8, 220;
of cultural tradition, 218–9, 222;
divine, 195, 199; imperium, 8, 10,
47–8; of local elites, 62–4, 66,
141, 203; religious, 191, 203;
social and economic, 72–3, 134,
142; see also emperors; governors;
paterfamilias, patria potestas;
prefects, praetorian; tribunes
praetorian guard, 4–7, 29, 182; see
also prefects, praetorian
prefects, 37–8, 39, 137; of aerarium,
38; of aerarium militare, 38; of
annonae, 38, 111–3; of Egypt, 21,
28, 37, 57; of military units, 24,
29, 38; praetorian, 5–7, 9, 37–8,
137, 141; of vigiles, 38, 182
prices, see markets
priests, priesthoods, 202; Bacchanalian,
194; civic, 73, 138, 190–1; of
Dionysus, 62; of Egypt, 61, 191,
of Isis, 195; Jewish, 59, 62, 65;
provincial, 23, 28, 189–90; of
state religion, 187, 189–90; see
also Druids
Probus, 16
proconsuls, 36–7, 39, 48–50, 125,
188–9, 241 n. 35
procurators, 24, 37–9, 135, 137,
145–6
production, cultural, 225–7; forces of,
see labour; land; power
productivity, 19, 71–2, 79, 83, 88–9,
91, 103–8, 134, 231
properties, size of, 93–7; see also
agriculture
proselytes, 66
prostitution, 171
protégés, 36, 173–4, 177–9, 180
provinces, administration of, 9, 36–54
Prusa, 24, 50, 55
Ptolemais-Akko, 63
public works, 13, 22
publicani, 81, 137
Pupienus, 237 n. 8quaestors, 16, 36–7, 39
Quintilian, 180, 210, 215, 235