INDEX 327
sources, 15, 18, 25, 40, 46–7, 56, 61,
74–6, 81, 86–8, 90, 93, 97–8, 104,
132, 140, 146, 152, 156, 159,
161–3, 165, 168–9, 181, 183, 198,
218–9
Spain, ix, 10, 16, 29, 41, 49, 56–7, 63,
112, 120, 140, 190, 214–16, 219,
225
spectacles, 51, 136–7, 139, 144, 175,
182; see also amphitheatres;
theatres
stable isotope analysis, 33
standard of living, 32
statues, see art; Herculaneum Woman
stature, 33
status, social and legal, 9, 14, 16, 22,
37, 41, 47–9, 62, 67, 72, 77, 81,
83, 96–9, 101, 109, 113, 131–2,
135, 138, 140–7, 171, 173–7, 183,
190–1, 195, 198, 202, 207, 220–1,
232, 234, 236; nutritional, 33; see
also cities, statuses of
stepmother, 162
stepson, 4, 189, 219
Stoics, 14, 196, 208, 211, 235
Strabo, 19–21, 25–8, 31, 44, 161, 192,
226
Suetonius, 13, 18, 86, 112, 136, 140,
175, 188, 214–5
Sulla, 3, 92
sumptuary laws, 144, 226
supply, see food supply; trade
synagogues, 66
Syria, 10, 22, 41, 44–5, 58–9, 63, 65,
115, 193, 195, 203, 219, 222,
225–6, 242 n. 38
Tacfarinas, 57–8
Tacitus, 10, 13–16, 18, 23, 30–1, 55–6,
58, 61, 111, 141–2, 144, 158,
161–2, 173, 175–6, 180, 182,
189–90, 192, 209–11, 214–5, 221,
238 n. 18, 241 n. 37, 247 n. 22
Talmud, 227
taxes, 17, 22, 35–6, 38, 41–3, 45–7,
50, 52–4, 56, 58, 60–1, 66, 71,
74–7, 79–80, 82–4, 88, 90, 93,
106, 112–3, 117–120, 122, 126–7,
135–6, 138, 220–1, 229–31, 239
n. 45, 244 n. 21, 247 n. 15, 21,
247 n. 26; see also land, tax on
teaching, see education; oratory
technology, 71, 79–80, 83–5, 88–9,
103, 105, 108, 223, 225, 230
temples, x, 17, 60–1, 64–6, 188, 190–1,
203, 213, 218, 223, 227
tenants, 64, 85–6, 95, 98, 101–2,
108, 122, 135, 177; see also debt,
debt-bondage; obaerarii
terror, as weapon, 63
Tetrarchs, 7, 15
textiles, see clothing
Thasos, xi
theatres, 139–40, 182, 217–8, 223
Thrasea Paetus, 14, 208
Tiberius, 4–6, 10–16, 18, 38, 55–6, 64,
111, 118, 136–7, 139, 141–2, 144,
182, 190, 196, 209, 212, 218, 241
n. 28, 250 n. 48, 313
timber, 26, 114, 221, 225
Titus, 6, 213, 235, 313
Titus Curtisius, 16
Tivoli, Hadrian’s palace at, x–xi, 213,
226; temple of Hercules at, x
trade, 71–80, 87–9, 98, 127, 225, 244
n. 13; ‘administered’ 75, 77–8;
traders, 16, 26, 83, 111–2, 118,
125, 127, 138, 218, 230
Trajan, 6, 13, 15–17, 21, 23–4, 49–51,
57, 66, 85–7, 92, 100–2, 111, 113,
124, 175, 182, 190–1, 197–8, 213,
217, 313, 244 n. 29, 246 n. 3, 255
n. 20
transport, 46, 61, 72, 75, 77, 79–80,
89–90, 97, 112–5, 117–8; cursus
publicus, 118; see also roads;
ships; trade
travel, 27, 89, 120–1, 216
tribes, xvii, 17, 21, 23–4, 26–7, 57,
115–16, 189, 217, 220, 222;
Germanic, 17, 21, 24, 27, 30,
57–8, 60, 62–3, 189
tribunes, tribunician power, 4, 8–10,
38, 131, 175–6, 181, 238 n. 23
tribute collection, 58, 60, 64, 117,
126
Trimalchio, see Petronius
Tunisia, 36, 45, 104, 108