an inscription from Ephesus, by which the harbour dues emanating from
the whole region of the Black Sea, the Hellespontine Straits, and the
adjacent land masses, became subsumed under the imperialportorium.^44
(a)(b)(c)Fig. 3.1.(a–c) Bronze coins from Adjiyska Vodenitsa (ancient Pistiros), used as
small change in local market transactions.
(^44) Mitchell 2008, 198–201.
102 Societies and economies