(Triticum aestivum).^10 The vine (vitis vinifera) offered the commonest
variety of fruit, and was equally well represented at other sites where
sufficient samples have been collected. The presence of chaff suggested to
the excavators that the cereals were stored in glume form and processed
in batches when needed.
The domesticated animal species represented at Angelochori include
cattle (bos taurus), sheep (ovis aries), goats (capra hircus), pigs (sus
domesticus); dogs (canis familiaris), horses (Equus caballus), and
donkeys (Equus asinus). Wild species included red deer (Elaphus), fallow
deer (Dama dama), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), hare (lepus euro-
paeus), fox (Vulpes vulpes), badger (Meles meles), as well asfinds of
beaver tooth (Castorfiber), and wolf bone (Canis lupus). Sheep (12.3
per cent) and goats (5.4 per cent) were together the second most signifi-
cant domesticates at this time after pigs (23.1 per cent), with cattle not far
behind (10.3 per cent). Domesticates formed the largest proportion of
animals recorded (69.7 per cent), including dogs (2.7 per cent), horses
(1.9 per cent), and donkeys (0.7 per cent). Fallow deer were the com-
monest wild species hunted at 10.2 per cent of the total, followed by boar
and hare. Pig was a crucial source of protein and evidently of major
importance to the economy of Angelochori, with many animals slaugh-
tered before they were a year old, while others were kept for up to two
and a half years, which would enable a strong reproduction regime.
Sheep and goats also seem to have been reared mainly for meat con-
sumption, particularly the male animals, while females were retained for
breeding purposes, and possibly milk. It is likely that cattle were used as
draught animals, with which the large number of identifiable male bones
would be consistent. Horses were also reared for draught and transpor-
tation, rather than for meat. The investigators assume that dogs were
primarily used for hunting and herding.
How did life at Angelochori compare with other sites in Late Bronze
Age and Early Iron Age Greece and the east Balkans? One of the ways in
which economic behaviour has been tracked in these periods is through
patterns of storage. How crops were stored provides an indication of
consumption patterns and attitudes towards surplus resources. We lack a
wide enough range of organic and faunal evidence from the conspectus
of available known sites, but the well-studiedToumbasof Assiros and
Kastanas, north of Thessaloniki, and Thessaloniki Toumba itself, had
(^10) Stephani 2010, 171–97(archaeobotanical) and 199–220, 221–39 (zooarchaeological
samples); cf. Valamoti 2004; Popova 2002, 289–97; Popova 2005; Popova and Marinova
2008, 500–6; Xenophon mentions millet (Anab. 7.5.12) as well as wheat and barley (Anab.
7.2.1) in south-eastern Thrace.
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