22 – 25); and sites at more distant locations farther north in the foothills
of the Sredna Gora chain, such as Krastevich (Fig. 4.7, no. 36), and Vasil
Levsky, near Karlovo (Fig. 4.7, no. 49).^16 The evidence for the dissemin-
ation ofamphoraeis represented by consumption at particular sites. So
distribution patterns emerge rather from the overall range within which
the products are represented. The commonest wine jars in the east
Balkan interior at this time were Thasian, and, to a lesser extent, Chian
ones. During the fourth centurybc, the more distant entrepôts retained a
significant share of the market (with Kallatis outstripping Istros, for
example, in the volume of demand), but a larger proportion than previ-
ously was consumed by the principal urban foci of the north Aegean
mainland, including Amphipolis, Abdera, and Maroneia.^17 Study of kiln
sites seems to confirm that the number of potters on Thasos increased in
the fourth centurybcto satisfy this increased demand; but a significant
drop in the take-up of wine exports by the more remote markets followed
in the late fourth century (perhaps as a result of disruption in trading
patterns during Lysimachos’reign, though it is also worth considering
the indirect role of changing patterns of demand, brought about by
demographic and social changes at this time). A further slump in
Thasian exports succeeded this dip, during the third century.
At present it is not yet clear whether this was a progressive decline in
Thasian imports to the region as a whole, or an abrupt change at a
number of sites, including Seuthopolis.^18 Neutron Activation Analysis
has allowed the complex group of vessels formerly labelled the‘Parme-
niskos’Group (identified as technically related by Virginia Grace) to be
dis-aggregated, revealing at least two production centres, one of which
was probably in Chalkidike (since some samples have formerly been
identified as from Mende, including examples from Pella); the other
perhaps at Ainos, close to the estuary of the River Hebros. The samples
used in the study were drawn from a number of key consumer centres of
the east Balkan interior: Adjiyska Vodenitsa (Pistiros), Sboryanovo,
Odessos, Kabyle, and a configuration of sites between the Bay of Burgas
(^16) For Pella and Adjiyska Vodenitsa (Pistiros), see further below; Krastevich:
M. Madjarov, D. Tancheva,AOR2007 [2008] 217–20; 2008 [2009] 195–8, 197fig. 3 for
plan, 240–3; 2009 [2010] 200–1; 2010 [2011] 189–90; 2011 [2012] 166–8; Vasil Levsky:
K. Kisyov,AOR2008 [2009] 237–40; cf. also Archibald 1998, 126, 141, 226–9, for earlier
literature.
(^17) Avram 1996 (Istros); Conovici 2005 (bulk imports at Istros, Tomis, and Kallatis
compared); Debidour 2008 on the commerce of Thasianamphorae; Tzochev 2010 and
forthcoming; cf. Panagou (forthcoming) and Lawall (forthcoming). 18
The end date for Thasian imports ofc. 275 bccomes from a revised study of the
material from Seuthopolis by Balkanska and Tzochev (2008).
Regionalism and regional economies 201