The Spread of Buddhism

the first turning of the wheel of the doctrine 25

lun» (T.1544), the *Sa yuktbhidharmahdaya (Heart of Scholasticism

with Miscellaneous Additions), and the Abhidharmakoa (Storehouse

of Scholasticism). The *Sa yuktbhidharmahdaya is an adaptation and

enlargement of the *Abhidharmahdaya (Heart of Scholasticism) «Apitan xin

lun» (T.1550), a summary digest of Sarvstivda philosophy written by

Dharmare

hin, a Tocharian from Bactria. The latter work most likely

predates the *Abhidharmamahvibhstra.^42 The *Sa yuktbhidharma hdaya

was written by Dharmatrta at the beginning of the fourth century

AD, and was in uenced by the ideas of the Kmri Vaibh

ikas.^43 The

present Chinese translation of this work, «Za apitan xin lun» (T.1552),

was done by Saghavarman in 434.^44 The Abhidharmakoa is a work by

the famous Vasubandhu.^45 It is a further enlargement and adaptation of

Dharmatrta’s work, but overall favours the Sautrntika criticism on the

Vaibh

ika viewpoints.^46 The Sautrntikas can be regarded as another

sub-group of the Sarvstivdins. There are two Chinese versions of

the *Abhidharmakoa, a translation by Xuanzang from 651 to 654 titled

«Apidamo jushe lun» (T.1558), and the «Apidamo jushe shi lun» (T.1559) by

Paramrtha, done between 564 and 567.^47 The *Sa yuktbhidharmahdaya

and the Abhidharmakoa were both written in Gandhra.^48

The discussion on the nature of the wheel of the doctrine and its  rst

turning is also referred to in the Samayabhedoparacanacakra (The Cycle of

the Formation of Schisms), a work attributed to the Sarvstivda master

Vasumitra. The composition date of this text is the subject of scholarly

debate, considering the range of the assumed lifedates for Vasumitra

between 400 years after the Buddha’s parinirva and the fourth cen-

tury AD.^49 There are three translations of this text into Chinese: one

(^42) See T.1821.41.11c12–13, and further also Kawamura 1974, p. 40; Willemen
1975, pp. ii and xxix, note 16. 43
See Dessein 1999, vol. 1, pp. xlvi–l.
(^44) T.2145.55.74c3–7; T.2154.55.649c1–6. On the different Chinese translations of
this text, see Dessein 1999, vol. 1, pp. lxxvii–lxxxii.
(^45) On the dates of Vasubandhu, see Willemen, Dessein & Cox 1998, p. 270, notes
78 and 79.
(^46) T.2049.50.190b15–16. See also Anacker 1984, p. 17.
(^47) See Hirakawa et al. 1973, p. i.
(^48) T.2087.51.881a17–19; T.2049.50.190b9–18.
(^49) Lamotte 1958, pp. 301–302, dates Vasumitra 400 years after the Buddha’s
parinirva. Masuda 1925, p. 8, situates Vasumitra in the  rst century AD. On the
problem of Vasumitra’s authorship, see Cousins 1991, p. 28, where he proposes a
date from the third to the fourth century AD. On the Sarvstivda positions, see
T.2031.49.16c6–7; T.2032.49.19a25–26; T.2033.49.21c12–13. Thesis 39(*) of Vasumitra
(Samayabhedopara canacakra). See further also ZZ 1–8–3.39a9–17; Masuda 1925, p. 52;
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