korea 117congratulated on the investiture of the imperial heir-apparent (Ts’e-fu
yüan-kuei p.5025).^9
In 660, T’ang allied with Silla attacked Paekche. A Chinese amphib-
ian force landed on its coast, while a Silla army invaded it from the
east. Paekche was destroyed and occupied by Chinese troops (Chiu
T’ang shu 199A:8b; Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 326:54b). This was followed by a
brief clash between T’ang and Koguryo in the 12th month (Jan./Feb.,
661) of the Chinese year 660 (Tzu-chih t’ung-chien p.6321).
On Dec.7, 665, a son of the king of Koguryo was received at the
T’ang court. On Feb.10, 666, he attended Emperor Kao-tsung’s feng
sacrifice and on Feb.12 his shan sacrifice at Mount T’ai. Envoys from
Japan, Silla, and the occupied Paekche were also present (Chiu T’ang
shu 5:1a; Tzu-chih t’ung-chien p.6344; Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 325:50b).
On July 14, 666, news reached the T’ang court that Koguryo’s
strong-man Yon Kae-so-mun had died. His three sons contested the
succession, and one of them, as well as a brother of Yon Kae-so-mun,
sought Chinese support. Meanwhile, the king, Kao Tsang, sent a son
to the T’ang court (Chiu T’ang shu 5:1b; 199A:5b; Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao
325:50b).
Taking advantage of the dissention in Koguryo, T’ang, again allied
with Silla, launched in 667 a large and coordinated attack against
Koguryo from the north and south. This included a Chinese army
from the former Paekche. P’yongyang was taken on Oct.22, 668. Kao
Tsang and his high officials surrendered and Koguryo ceased to exist
and was made into the An-tung Protectorate (Chiu T’ang shu 5:2a, 2b;
Tzu-chih t’ung-chien p.6356).
At this time, the attitude of Silla changed. It could not be in its inter-
est to concur in a Chinese occupation of the major part of Korea, in
addition to which it had ambitions of its own. When a Chinese general
in the 12th month (Dec./Jan.673) of the Chinese year 672 was fighting
Koguryo loyalists who had attempted to restore the kingdom, the king
of Silla sent troops to their aid and received those who fled to his state.
In 673 and 674, he continued to accept Koguryo refugees. In 677, he
took P’yongyang, and subsequently unified Korea under his dynasty
(Chiu T’ang shu 5:5a; Tzu-chih t’ung-chien pp.6370, 6372, 6383).
The former king of Koguryo, Kao Tsang, was by the T’ang
appointed a Master of Writing of the Ministry of Works. On Apr.2,
(^9) Kao-tsung had changed his heir-apparent on Feb.6, 656 (Chiu T’ang shu 4:6a).