korea 153In the 2nd month (Mar./Apr.) of 1002, Koryo envoys congratulated
Liao on a successful attack on Sung. On Aug.18 of the same year,^51
Koryo envoys offered the Liao court a map of their state (Liao shih
14:3b; 70:11a; 115:1b). As has been seen, such an act was a not seri-
ously-meant symbol of surrender.
In 1003, Koryo envoys to the Sung court informed it that attacks by
Liao had not ceased (Sung shih 487:8b; Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 325:51b).
On Sep.24, 1004, Sheng-tsung of Liao sent envoys to inform the
Koryo court that he was attacking the Sung State (Liao shih 14:5a;
115:2a).
On June 28, 1005, Koryo envoys congratulated Liao on having
made peace with Sung (Liao shih 14:6b; 115:2a).
On June 12, 1008, Koryo presented to the Liao court mats made
of Lung-hsü plants^52 and congratulated on the walling of the Central
Capital (Liao shih 14:7b; 70:12b; 115:2a).
On Jan.6, 1010, Sheng-tsung sent envoys to Koryo to announce
the death of his mother, the Empress Dowager, on Dec.29, 1009.
On Mar.7, 1010, Koryo envoys to the Liao court sacrificed. Another
mission arrived from Koryo in the 3rd month (Apr./May), whose
members attended the burial of the Empress Dowager on May 31
(Liao shih 14:8a; 15:1a-1b; 115:2a ).
In 1010 it became known in Sung and Liao that the king of Koryo,
Wang Sung, had been murdered and been replaced by Wang Hsün
(Hyonjong). Sheng-tsung supposedly resented the coup and the fact
that he had not been subsequently informed. He ordered an attack on
Koryo. Wang Hsün sent envoys to the Sung court, asking it to act as
an intermediary for peace with Liao. In the 8th month (Sep./Oct.),
Sheng-tsung took personal command and dispatched envoys to inform
the Sung court. On Nov.9, the Jurchen offered the Liao 10,000 fine
horses for the campaign. They also wished to actively participate in
it, which was rejected. A subsequent appeal by Wang Hsün to cease
hostilities was refused by Sheng-tsung (Liao shih 15:1b, 2a; 115:2a; Sung
shih 487:8b; Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 325:51b).
On Dec.18, 1010, the Liao army crossed the Yalu River, whereafter
the Koryo capital of Kaegyong was captured and burned. But the
(^51) 70:11a gives the wrong date of 6th month. The cycical characters hsin-ch’ou
did not occur in that month.
(^52) According to Wittfogel, Liao, p.355, note 49, a kind of a rush, probably juncus
effusus.