korea 155vessels, silk, and horse trappings (Sung shih 487:10a; Hsü Tzu-chih t’ung-
chien ch’ang-pien p.756).
On Dec.19, 1017, Koryo envoys to the Sung court presented a
communication and regional objects (Hsü Tzu-chih t’ung-chien ch’ang-
pien p.805; Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 325:51b).
In the 9th month (Sep./Oct.) of the same year 1017, the Liao
forces withdrew from Koryo but attacked again in the 10th month
(Nov./Dec.). In the 12th month (Jan./Feb., 1019) of the Liao year
1018, a Liao army was defeated by the Koreans (Liao shih 15:11b;
16:2a, 2b).
In 1019, envoys from Wang Hsün to the Liao court proposed to
offer regional objects. This was an attempt to restore peace. But in
the 8th month (September), the Liao attacked Koryo once more (Liao
shih 16:3b-4a; 115:3b).
In the 9th month (September) of 1019, Teng on the northern coast
of Shan-tung reported to the Sung court that a Koryo mission had
been shipwrecked and had lost some of the objects it had brought. The
emperor sent a palace official to take care of the envoys. In the 11th
month (Nov./Dec.) these envoys and a Jurchen chief were received
in audience and presented mats, brocade garments, long knives orna-
mented with gold, horse trappings, and 2000 bolts of middling quality
cotton. They requested Buddhist sutras. The cotton was rejected, and
the sutras were provided. Because of their shipwreck, the envoys were
given garments and silken fabrics (Sung shih 8:20a, 20b; 487:10a; Wen-
hsien t’ung-k’ao 325:51b-52a).
Having been unable to win decisive victories, Liao was in 1020
ready to make peace with Koryo. When on Jan.26, 1020 Wang Hsün
repeated his offer to present regional objects, this was accepted. The
Koreans released Yeh-lü Tzu-chung after a detention of six years, and
he returned to Liao on June 13. He brought with him a letter from
Wang Hsün in which, according to Liao shih, the latter “surrendered”
and “begged to call himself a vassal and offer tribute”. The follow-
ing day, June 14, Sheng-tsung sent envoys “to pardon Wang Hsün’s
crimes” (Liao shih 16:4a, 4b; 115:3b).
In the 6th month (July/Aug.) of 1021, Koryo offered gifts to the
Sung court (Hsü Tzu-chih t’ung-chien ch’ang-pien p.864).
In the 9th month (Oct./Nov.) of 1021, a mission of 179 men from
Wang Hsün was received at the Sung court.^53 The envoys announced
(^53) Hsü Tzu-chih t’ung-chien ch’ang-pien says 170 men.