156 korea
that Koryo had made peace with Liao and requested books on geo-
mancy and geography. These were provided. In the 2nd month
(Mar./Apr.) of 1022, this mission returned to Koryo with gifts for
Wang Hsün (Sung shih 8:23b; 487:10b, 11b; Hsü Tzu-chih t’ung-chien
ch’ang-pien p.867; Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 325:52a).
In the 11th month (Dec./Jan., 1022) of the Liao year 1021, Koryo
offered gifts to the Liao court (Liao shih 16:6b).
On Feb.24, 1029, Liao envoys offered gifts to the king of Koryo
(Liao shih 17:6a; 115:3b).^54
When Ta Yen-lin in the 8th month (Sep./Oct.) of 1029 rose in the
former Po-hai against the Liao, he received some support from the
Southern and Northern Jurchen. Koryo remained neutral but briefly
suspended diplomatic relations with Liao (Liao shih 17:7a).
In 1030, a mission of 293 men from Wang Hsün of Koryo was
received at the Sung court. The envoys were given an audience and
presented a communication as well as golden vessels, silver [-embroi-
dered] mats, knives, swords, horse trappings, and aromatic oils. The
envoys departed in the 2nd month (Feb./Mar.) of 1031, each with
gifts in accordance with his rank (Sung shih 9:13a; 487:11b; Wen-hsien
t’ung-k’ao 325:52a).
On June 30, 1031, Emperor Hsing-tsung sent envoys to the Koryo
court to announce the death of his father Sheng-tsung on June 25. In
the 7th month (July/Aug.), Koryo envoys condoled at the Liao court
(Liao shih 18:1b; 115:3b).
In 1031, the king of Koryo, Wang Hsün, died and was succeeded by
his son Ch’in (Tokjong). The latter announced his ascension by envoys
to the Liao court on Jan.7, 1033, whereupon Hsing-tsung recognized
him as king of Koryo (Liao shih 16:7b; 115:3b).^55
No diplomatic relations between Koryo and Sung are recorded
from 1031 to 1070,^56 while those with Liao continued. Koryo mis-
(^54) Liao shih gives the name of the king as Ch’in, which is an error for Hsün. See
next note.
(^55) The chronology in Liao shih is here garbled. Marcus, Korean Studies Guide, p.182,
and Mathias Tchang, Synchronismes, p.352, both place the death of Wang Hsün in
- This must be correct, since Wang Hsün according to Sung shih was alive in 1030.
The statement of Liao shih 115:3b, that Wang Hsün died in 1021 should therefore
be emended to 1031. Furthermore, if the date of the announcement in Liao shih 16:
7b is emended from 1022, 12th month, hsin-ch’ou, to 1032, 12th month, hsin-ch’ou, it
would have been made on Jan.7, 1033.
(^56) According to Sung shih 487:11b, Koryo had no relations with China from