158 korea
should be the same as for the envoys from Hsia. On June 22 and
Aug.28, 1071, Koryo envoys offered gifts to the Sung court (Sung shih
15:5b, 6a; 487:12b).^59
On Dec.19, 1071, July 17, 1072, and Jan.26, 1073,^60 Koryo envoys
were received at the Liao court. At the last occasion, Tao-tsung pre-
sented Koryo with the Buddhist Tripitaka (Liao shih 22:7b, 23:1b, 2a;
70:20b, 21a; 115:4a).
On Jan.23, and Dec.15, 1074, Koryo envoys to the Liao court
offered gifts (Liao shih 23:2b, 3a; 70:21a).
On Jan.25,1074, a Koryo envoy and his deputy were received in
audience by Shen-tsung of Sung. They requested a change in the route
taken by the envoys from Koryo to the Sung capital in order to avoid
the Khitan. On Oct.31, 1076, the Sung government approved Ming
on the sourthern shore of Hang-chou Bay as the new port of entry.
Wang Hui furthermore requested Chinese physicians, pharmacists,
painters, and sculptors to teach the people of his state (Sung shih 15:
13a; 487:12b; Hsü Tzu-chih t’ung-chien ch’ang-pien p.2334, 2618; Wen-
hsien t’ung-k’ao 325:52a).
On Apr.13, 1076, Tao-tsung of Liao sent envoys to Koryo to
announce the death of the Empress Dowager, widow of Hsing-tsung,
on Apr.11. On July 7, envoys from Koryo condoled and sacrificed (Liao
shih 23:4a; 115:4a).^61 During the same year of 1076, Koryo envoys
also arrived at the Sung court (Sung shih 487:12b-13a).^62
In 1078, for the first time in decades, Sung sent a goodwill mission
to Koryo. It was led by a Grandee Remonstrant and Consultant, who
for that purpose was appointed Acting Prefect of the Imperial Diarists.
Two ships were built for the mission in Ming. Wang Hui received the
envoy and, being ill, asked for physicians and medicine (Sung shih 487:
13a;Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 325:52a).^63 Sung shih 487:15b interprets Wang
Hui’s actions as surrender to the Sung.
(^59) Rogers, “Factionalism and Koryo Policy”, pp.16-17, shows from Korean sources
that the Sung resumed relations with Koryo in 1071 at the initiative of Wang An-
shih. Koryo took this earlier initiative in 1070.
(^60) 115:4a dates this event 1062, but the historians have probably misread hsien-
ning8th year as ch’ing-ning 8th year.
(^61) 115:4a misdates these events 1075.
(^62) On Dec.4 (correcting mou-tzu to mou-wu), 1076, Shen-tsung allowed three
Buddhist priests from Koryo to visit a shrine in Che-chiang (Hsü Tzu-chih t’ung-chien
ch’ang-pien, p.2633). This was not an official mission.
(^63) Rogers, “Sung-Koryo Relations: some inhibiting Factors”, p.196, quotes Korean