korea 189the emperors. At the New Year and birthday congratulations, trade
was, of course not overlooked.
As to Southern Sung, the rapid drop in missions from Koryo and
their eventual diappearance follows the usual pattern. One reason
was Southern Sung xenophobia and morbid fear of Jurchen spies,
another Koryo disenchantment with Southern Sung as a possible
ally against the Jurchen. This, however, did not affect private trade
between Koryo and both Sung dynasties. In fact, the Northern Sung
found it necessary to establish a trade law for Koryo on Feb.10, 1079
(Sung shih 15:22a). The Southern Sung decreed on Aug.17, 1199, that
merchants from Koryo and Japan were not allowed to accept copper
cash for their goods, and that Chinese merchants were not allowed to
purchase goods for copper cash in Koryo (Sung shih 37:13a; 487:18a-
18b). This shows that the great volume of private trade had brought
on an acute copper shortage in Southern Sung.
Unfortunately, the goods brought by the Koryo missions to China
are usually referred in the sources as regional objects. Those which
are specified fall into the following categories:
Human Products929: human hair.
AnimalsHorses
959: fine horses.
978: fine horses.
983: fine horses.
1014: 12 horses.
1085: fine horses.
AromaticsAromatic and medical drugs, aromatic oils
929: fragrant oils.
983: aromatic drugs.
1030: aromatic oils.