22 continental south asia and the islands
were provided. In the 1st month (Feb./Mar.) of 1011, Li Kung-yün’s
two chief envoys were appointed to nominal Chinese offices, and each
was presented with a purple and gold fish wallet (Sung shih 7:26a; Sung
hui-yao kao 10122:10b-11a).
In the 5th month (June/July) of 1011, Li Kung-yün was appointed
Jointly Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. He offered
presents, which were officially accepted by the Sung in the 6th month
(July/Aug.). In the 4th month (Apr./May) of 1012, envoys from Li
Kung-yün offered 30 rhinoceros horns. In the 5th month (May/June),
these envoys were appointed to nominal Chinese offices. In the 11th
month (Dec./Jan.1013) of the Chinese year 1012, Li Kung-yün was
made a Commander Unequalled in Honour and presented with [por-
celain] vessels, silk, and horse trappings (Sung shih 8:3a, 4a, 6b; 488:
11b;Sung hui-yao kao 10122:11a-11b).
On Aug.15, 1014, Li Kung-yün presented 60 horses and informed
the Sung court that he had fought the aboriginals.^65 His envoys received
gifts in accordance with their ranks. In the 8th month (Aug./Sep.),
another mission offered regional objects. In the 9th month (Sep./Oct.),
the two chief envoys were appointed to nominal Chinese offices and
ennobled as Dynasty-founding Barons (Sung shih 488:11b; Sung hui-yao
kao 10122:11b, 12a).
On Mar.21, 1017, Li Kung-yün was recognized as king of Nan-
p’ing. In 1018, he was presented the collected Taoist works. In the
8th month (September) of 1019, a younger brother of Li Kung-yün
offered rhinoceros horns, elephant tusks, and other regional objects.
In the 12th month (Dec./Jan., 1020) of the Chinese year 1019, Li
Kung-yün was appointed Acting Grand Commandant and presented
with [porcelain] vessels, garments, golden belts, and horse trappings
(Sung shih 8:15b; 488:12a; Sung hui-yao kao 10122:12b; 10123:6a; Wen-
hsien t’ung-k’ao 330:5b).
On May 30, 1022, envoys from Li Kung-yün offered gifts. This
was, no doubt, in reponse to Jen-tsung’s enthronement on Mar.23.
He was appointed Acting Grand Master. In the 7th month (August) of
that year, the high Sung officials informed Emperor Jen-tsung that the
envoys had brought pewter, red ore, tortoise shells, pitchers, aromat-
ics and other regional objects, and that the merchants had calculated
(^65) Sung hui-yao kao notes the presence of envoys from Chiao-chih in the Chinese
capital, on Aug.8.