continental south asia and the islands 27Jan.11, 1119, Li Ch’ien-te was by the Sung appointed Acting Grand
Master and Acting Minister of Works, and confirmed as Jointly Man-
ager of Affairs with the Secretariat Chancellery, Protector General
of Annam, Military Commissioner of the non-existant Army Which
Quiets the Sea, and king of Nan-p’ing (Sung shih 20:12b; Sung hui-yao
kao 10123:1b; Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 330:6a).
On Dec.5, 1127, Emperor Kao-tsung of Southern Sung ordered the
Western Circuit of Kuang-nan not to accept absconding households
from Annam (Sung hui-yao kao 10123:1b:2a). It is clear from this and
preceding entries that there must have been a steady infiltration of
the border.
In 1130, Li Ch’ien-te offered gifts. In 1132, Southern Sung learned
that he had died^71 and on Mar.26, Kao-tsung granted him the post-
humous titles of Palace Attendant and king of Nan-yüeh. His son and
successor Li Yang-huan was appointed Military Commissioner of the
non-existant Army Which Quiets the Sea, Acting Grand Commandant
and Concurrent Grandee Secretary, Protector General of Annam, and
Supreme Pillar of State, entitled Specially Advanced, and recognized
as king of Chiao-chih commandery ( Sung hui-yao kao 10123:2a-2b;
Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 330:6a).
On Apr.12, 1138, a mission from Chiao-chih announced that Li
Yang-huan had died and that his son T’ien-tso had been enthroned.
On Apr.16, Kao-tsung granted Li Yang-huan the posthumous titles
of Commander Unequalled in Honour and king of Nan-p’ing. On
Apr.24, T’ien-tso was appointed Military Commissioner of the non-
existant Army Which Quiets the Sea, Acting Grand Commandant
and Concurrent Grandee Secretary, Protector General of Annam, and
Supreme Pillar of State, entitled Specially Advanced, and recognized
as king of Chiao-chih commandery (Sung hui-yao kao 10123:3a; Wen-
hsien t’ung-k’ao 330:6a).
On July 24, 1139, the Kuang-hsi Circuit reported that previously a
son of Li Ch’ien-te by a concubine had fled to the Ta-li State (Nan-
chao) in Yün-nan and had changed his name to Chao Chih-chih.
When it was learned that Li Yang-huan had died and T’ien-tso had
become the king, the Ta-li State had sent him back in an attempt
to gain the throne. T’ien-tso had raised troops against him and had
(^71) There is a discrepancy in dates. Mathias Tchang, Synchronismes, p.359, places Li
Ch’ien-te’s death in 1127, but in that case he could not have offered gifts in 1130.