continental south asia and the islands 29Stream Garden. On Mar.5, Hsiao-tsung accepted the name of Annam^74
for their state and recognized Li T’ien-tso as its king. He presented
him a wide garment, a golden belt, a silver casket, 100 bolts of fine
clothing, two horses, 200 ounces of silver vessels, 100 bolts of apparel,
and gilded silver horse trappings.^75 On Aug.24, 1175, the Ministry of
Rites reported to Hsiao-tsung that Li T’ien-tso had requested a state
seal. This was granted on Sep.2, inscribed “Seal of the King of the
Annam State” (Sung shih 34:18b, 19a, 21b; 488:17b; Sung hui-yao kao
10123:8a, 9b-11a; Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 330:6b).^76
In the 5th month (June/July) of 1176, the high Southern Sung offi-
cials reported to Hsiao-tsung that Li T’ien-tso had died and requested
that his son Lung-kan be recognized as heir. The emperor, sent envoys
to condole and sacrifice. On Sep.28 of that year, the Southern Sung
gave Annam its calendar. This saved the Annamese tedious calculations
but was, in this as in other cases, understood by the Chinese govern-
ment as confirming its overlordship. On Apr.14 of 1177, Hsiao-tsung
appointed Li Lung-kan as Military Commissioner of the non-existant
Army Which Quiets the Sea, Acting Grand Commandant and Con-
current Grandee Secretary, and Supreme Pillar of State, entitled him
Specially Advanced, and recognized him as king of Annam. This was
accompanied by presents (Sung shih 34:23b, 25a; 488:17b; Sung hui-yao
kao10123:11b, 12b Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 330:6b).
In 1178, envoys from Li Lung-kan brought a letter and gifts, and
in 1180 and 1189 again offered presents (Sung shih 35:16b; 488:17b,
18a;Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 330:6b).
On Dec.2, 1190, the Kuang-hsi Circuit reported that the Annam
State had sent a document, congratulating on the enthronement of
Emperor Kuang-tsung on Feb.18, 1189 (Sung shih 36:7a;Sung hui-yao
kao 10123:14b).
On Sep.23, 1194, the Southern Sung presented Li Lung-kan a wide
garment, a golden belt, 100 bolts of fine clothing, 2 horses, 200 ounces
of silver vessels, 100 bolts of apparel, and gilded silver horse trappings
(Sung hui-yao kao 10123:15a).
On June 2, 1212,^77 the Kuang-hsi Circuit reported to the Southern
(^74) As has been seen, this name had been used at times before.
(^75) I.e. the presents were those agreed on in 1159.
(^76) Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao telescopes the recognition and presentation of the seal into
the year 1175.
(^77) According to Sung shih 39:8a, the Southern Sung learned of Li Lung-kan’s
death on June 28.