398 the turkic tribes
Chü’s advice, Emperor Yang responded that if She-kuei killed Ch’u-lo,
he would recognize him as Great Qaghan and a marriage would be
arranged. She-kuei thereupon attacked and defeated Ch’u-lo. The latter
fled to Turfan. Emperor Yang now sent P’ei Chü together with Ch’u-
lo’s mother, the Lady Hsiang, to the Jade Gate Pass (Yü-men kuan) in
westernmost Kan-su. From there she persuaded her son through an
envoy to surrender to China (Sui shu 84:16b-17a; Pei shih 99:18a-18b;
Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 344:11b). Since Ch’u-lo had no hope of regaining
his throne without Chinese help and was in danger of his life as long
as he stayed in Central Asia, this was a real surrender.
In the winter of 611, with two younger brothers^29 and Turkish
horsemen, Ch’u-lo arrived in Ch’ang-an and lodged in the Ministry
of the Herald. When he was received by Emperor Yang, he knelt,
kowtowed, and referred to himself as a subject. At the New Year’s
Reception on Feb.7, 612, Ch’u-lo wished Emperor Yang long life,
stating that “from Heaven down and from Earth up, there is only
one sagious man” (Sui shu 84:17a-17b). It is difficult to see how this
account could be falsified, since it is based on the notes of the court
diarists. Emperor Yang obviously intended to use Ch’u-lo as a rival to
She-kuei, just he had done in the reverse before. But is also possible
that Ch’u-lo had the same thought in mind, wishing to use Emperor
Yang for his own restitution, and therefore was not adverse to blatant
flattery.
Ch’u-lo partcipated in the campaign against Koguryo in 612 and
was by Emperor Yang conferred the title of Ho-sa-na Qaghan^30 and
richly rewarded. In 614, the Princess of Hsin-yi was married to him,
and he was presented with 1000 brocade robes and 10,000 bolts of
textiles (Sui shu 84:17b-18a; Pei shih 99:19a;Chiu T’ang shu 194B:1a;
Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 344:11b).
On Dec.24, 618, Ch’u-lo was by Emperor Kao-tsu of T’ang enfeoffed
(^29) One of these was A-shih-na Ta-nai, who like his elder brother participated
in the campaign against Koguryo in 612 and was appointed Imperial Household
Grandee of the Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon. He resided with his Turkish fol-
lowers in northern Shan-hsi. From 617, he supported the future Emperor Kao-tsu
of T’ang against other pretenders and was rewarded with three Palace Ladies, 5000
items of objects, and 10,000 items of variegated textiles. He was also given the Chi-
nese family name of Shih. In 629, he was appointed General-in-chief of the Martial
Guards of the Right and Governor, and was enfeoffed as a duke. He died in 638
and was bestowed the posthumous title of General-in-chief Who Supports the State
(Chiu T’ang shu 195B:1b; T’ung-tien 199:44b; Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 344:11b).
(^30) Tzu-chih t’ung-chien gives the name throughout as Ho-sha-na.