the turkic tribes 435not come from the Yao-lo-ko (Yaghlaqar) clan, which had ruled so
far, but from the Hsieh-tieh clan. He seized all the sons and grand-
sons of the [Ho-ku-to-lu-p’i-chia] Qaghan and presented them to the
T’ang court (Chiu T’ang shu 12:11b; Hsin T’ang shu 217A:10b; Wen-hsien
t’ung-k’ao 347:29b).
In the 12th month (Jan./Feb., 797) of the Chinese year 796, the
Uighurs offered gifts (Chiu T’ang shu 13:13b).^81
In the 2nd (Feb./Mar.), and 10th month (Nov./Dec.) of 806 and
once more during that year, Uighur envoys offered gifts (T’ang hui-yao
98:7b;Ts’e-fu yüan-kuei p.5032).
On Feb.8, 807, a Uighur mission offering gifts for the first time
brought along Manichaean priests.^82 On Feb.22, the Uighurs requested
to build Manichaean temples in Lo-yang and T’ai-yüan, which the
court was forced to accept. Manichaeans had, however, become fre-
quent visitors to Ch’ang-an much earlier, and traded there illegally
with merchants on the Western Market (Hsin T’ang shu 217A:10b;
Tzu-chih t’ung-chien p.7638).
In the 2nd month (Mar./Apr.) of 807, Uighur envoys offered gifts
(Chiu T’ang shu 14:13a; Ts’e-fu yüan-kuei p.5032).
On March 26, 808, Uighur envoys announced the death of the
Princess of Hsien-an. She had lived among the Uighurs for 21 years
and had been the wife of four successive qaghans.^83 Emperor Hsien-
tsung conferred on her the posthumous title of Grand Senior Princess
of Yen. In the 3rd month (April), the Uighur envoys were received
in audience and presented with white brocade garments and silver
vessels, each in accordance with his rank (Chiu T’ang shu 14:13a; Hsin
T’ang shu 217A:10b; T’ang hui-yao 98:8a).
(^81) According to the Chinese sources, it became known in the 11th month (Nov./
Dec.) of 805 that Ku-to-lu had died. Emperor Hsien-tsung, who had ascended the
throne on Sep.5 of that year, sent the Junior Herald to condole and recognize the
successor as T’eng-li-yeh-ho-chü-lu-p’i-chia Qaghan (Hsin T’ang shu 217A:10b; Tzu-chih
t’ung-chien p.7623; Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 347:29b). Mackerras, Uighur Empire, pp.187-190,
has argued convincingly that Ku-to-lu did not die until 808 and that the T’ang court
simply rerecognized him in 805 under a new title.
(^82) After the second reconquest of Lo-yang in 762, the Teng-li Qaghan had met
Manichaean priests and had become impressed by their religion. When he returned
to his homeland in 763, he brought with him four missionaries, whereafter Man-
ichaeism spread among the Uighurs.
(^83) The Ho-ku-to-lu-p’i-chia Qaghan, the Teng-li-lo-ku-mo-mi-shih, Loyal and
Upright, Qaghan, the qaghan A-ch’o, and the Ai-t’eng-li-lo-yü-lu-mo-mi-shih-ho-
lu-hu-p’i, Who Cherishes Trustworthiness, Qaghan.