the turkic tribes 467In the 12th month (Dec./Jan., 931) of the Chinese year 930, envoys
from Ts’ao Yi-chin of Sha chou were received at the Later T’ang
court (Hsin Wu-tai shih 6:9b).
In the 1st month (Feb./Mar.) of 932, Sha chou presented 75
horses and 36 jade lumps to the Later T’ang court (Ts’e-fu yüan-kuei
p.5035).
In the 1st month (Jan./Feb.) of 934, envoys from Sha chou were
received at the Later T’ang court (Hsin Wu-tai shih7:2a).
In the 10th month (Nov./Dec.) of 934, Sha chou offered regional
objects to the Later T’ang court (Ts’e-fu yüan-kuei p.5035).
In the 7th month (August) of 935, Sha chou offered three horses
to the Later T’ang court (Ts’e-fu yüan-kuei p.5035).
In the 11th month (Dec./Jan., 940) of the Chinese year 939, Tun-
huang (Sha chou) offered gifts to the Liao court (Liao shih 70:4b).
At the Dragon Boat Festival of June 13, 940, Emperor T’ai-tsung
of the Khitan gave a banquet for the officials and the envoys from
the various countries. He ordered the two envoys from the Uighurs
and from Tun-huang (Sha chou) to perform their native dances so
that all the envoys might see them (Liao shih 4:4b-5a).
On Feb.4, 943, envoys from Ts’ao Yüan-chung, son of Yi-chin,
were received at the Later Chin court (Hsin Wu-tai shih 9:2b).
In 955, Ts’ao Yüan-chung offered gifts to the Later Chou court. He
was appointed Military Commissioner, Acting Grand Commandant,
and Manager of Affairs of the Palace Writers (Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 335:
35a).
In 962, the Sung appointed Ts’ao Yüan-chung Prefect of the Palace
Writers. His son Yen-lu was made a Defense Commissioner (Wen-hsien
t’ung-k’ao 335:35a).
In the 11th month (Nov./Dec) of 968, envoys from Sha-chou to
the Sung court offered camels and regional objects (Sung hui-yao kao,
ts’e 197:2a).
In the winter of 977, a Sung envoy to Sha chou presented vessels
and silk (Sung hui-yao kao, ts’e 197:2a).
On May 15, 980, four envoys sent by Sha chou and the Uighur
qaghan of Kan chou to the Sung court offered camels, fine horses,
corals, and amber (Sung shih 4:12b; 490:13b; Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 347:
30b).
During the same year of 980, it became known at the Sung court
that Ts’ao Yüan-chung had died. His son Yen-lu sent envoys with
gifts. Emperor T’ai-tsung conferred on Yüan-chung the posthumous