Diplomacy and Trade in the Chinese World, 589-1276

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494 hsia


sented his [step]mother’s testamentary gifts (Hsü Tzu-chih t’ung-chien
ch’ang-pien p.1704).
On July 17, 1057, Hsia envoys to the Sung court thanked for the
condolence and sacrifice (Sung shih 12:12b).
On Jan.27, 1058, Tao-tsung of Liao sent envoys to Hsia to announce
the death of the Grand Empress Dowager on Jan.24. She was his
grandmother, widow of Sheng-tsung. The Grand Empress Dowager
was buried on May 28, in the presence of envoys from Hsia (Liao shih
21:5a-5b).
On Jan.3, 1062, Liang-tso requested Chinese gowns and caps from
the Sung court, announcing that he would wear them in the follow-
ing year^19 and follow the Chinese etiquette when receiving envoys.
The Sung agreed (Sung shih 485:23a; Hsü Tzu-chih t’ung-chien ch’ang-pien
p.1807).
On May 23, 1062, Liang-tso presented 50 horses to the Sung court
and requested the T’ang shih, the Ts’e-fu yüan-kuei, the Sung cheng-chih
ch’ao ho-yi, the Nine Confucian Classics, and other works. He stated that
he wished to establish a library. The horses were rejected, but the
Confucian classics were provided (Sung shih 12:19b; 485:23a-23b; Hsü
Tzu-chih t’ung-chien ch’ang-pien p.1812).
In the 1st month (Feb./Mar.) of 1063, Tao-tsung of Liao prohibited
the sale of copper to Hsia (Liao shih 115:9b).
After Jen-tsung had died on Apr.30,1063, and Emperor Ying-tsung
had ascended the throne on May 1, 1063, Hsia envoys to the Sung
court on Aug.13 condoled and congratulated on the enthronement.
The envoys were received in audience. One of them proceeded without
permission to the Gate of Obedience to Heaven and moreover carried
his fish tally in a fashion not approved by the Chinese. When detained,
he went on a hunger strike. In the end, he was allowed to enter and
was provided with food. Liang-tso was requested to punish him (Sung
shih 485:23b; Hsü Tzu-chih t’ung-chien ch’ang-pien p.1841, 1874).
In the autumn of 1063, Hsia violated the Chinese border (Sung
shih 485:23b).
In 1064 or soon thereafter, Hsia unsuccessfully tried to restore
border markets with Sung (Sung shih 485:23b).
On Feb.8, 1065, the New Year’s Day, Hsia envoys congratulated


(^19) 1062, according to the Chinese calendar.

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