continental south asia and the islands 41month (Dec./Jan.959) of the same Chinese year, the envoys were
granted silken fabrics, each in accordance with his rank. The king
received 1000 ounces of gold and silver vessels, 1000 bolts of silken
fabrics, a fine horse, and horse trappings (Wu-tai hui-yao 30:14b-15a;
Ts’e-fu yüan-kuei p.5036; Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 332:17a).
In the 6th month (July/Aug.) of 959 Champa envoys to the Later
Chou court presented a belt of rhinoceros hide and one p’u-sa stone^96
(Ts’e-fu yüan-kuei p.5036).
In the 12th month (Dec./Jan. 961) of the Chinese year 960, envoys
from the king of Champa to the Sung court presented regional objects,
including rhinoceros horns and elephant tusks (Sung hui-yao kao 8116:
2b).
On Jan.24, 961, Champa envoys brought a letter on palm leaves
to congratulate the first Sung emperor, T’ai-tsu. They furthermore
presented rhinoceros horns, elephant tusks, aromatic drugs, four pea-
cocks, baroos camphor, and 20 great food vessels. When the envoys
returned, they were given presents, each in accordance with his rank.
Their king received [porcelain] vessels and silk (Sung shih 1:8b; 489:3b;
Sung hui-yao kao 8116:3a; Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 332:17a).
On Oct.22, 962, the king of Champa offered 22 elephant tusks and
1000 catties of frankincense. On Apr.2, 966, envoys presented a bull
rhinoceros, two elephant tusks, 20 lengths of white cotton fabrics, vari-
ous kinds of sarongs, yüeh-no cloth,^97 and miscelllaneous aromatic drugs.
The queen offered rhinoceros horns, elephant tusks, baroos camphor,
and tortoise shells. The envoys presented on their own rhinoceros
horns and elephant tusks. The Sung court responded with golden belts,
silver vessels, horse trappings, and bedding. On Apr.25 of the same
year, envoys from the king again brought presents (Sung shih 1:13a; 2:
4a;Sung hui-yao kao 8116:3a; Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 332:17a).
At this time, the route of the missions from Champa to the Sung
capital passed through the still independent state of Chiang-nan.^98 In
the 7th month (July/Aug.) of 966, its ruler, Li Yü, informed the Sung
court that he had sent on one rhinoceros horn, two elephant tusks,
30 ounces of white baroos camphor, two catties of green baroos cam-
(^96) A stone with a white lustruous colour, resembling jade, which reflects the five
colours under the rays of the sun.
(^97) According to Hirth and Rockhill, Chao Ju-kua, p.100 note 7, probably a kind
of very fine muslin.
(^98) Liu Yü had changed the name of Southern T’ang to Chiang-nan.