42 continental south asia and the islands
phor, 30 catties of frankincense, 30 catties of gharu wood, 70 catties of
aromatics, 50 catties of cosmetics, 100 catties of white sandalwood,^99
50 catties of purple ore, 20,000 cardamoms, 50 catties of betel nuts,
and four mats (Sung hui-yao kao 8116:3a-3b).
On Oct.25, 966,^100 Champa envoys offered a great elephant, con-
trolled by an aboriginal mahout. It could toss its trunk and kneel, and
had a golden saddle. The animal was placed in the Capital Postal Relay
Station, where it attracted a great crowd. The envoys presented on
their own elephant tusks and aromatic drugs, for which they received
[porcelain] vessels, silk, and copper cash (Sung shih 2:4b; Sung hui-yao
kao 8116:3b-4a).
In 967, Champa envoys offered gifts. In 970, they offered regional
objects and a female elephant. In 971, the king of Champa, the assistant
king, the king’s wife, and his son all offered presents. On Apr.27, 972
and on May 15 and July 13, 973, envoys from the king offered regional
objects (Sung shih 3:1b, 3b; 489:4a; Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 332:17a).
On Feb.5, 974, Champa envoys presented two peacock parasols
and regional objects. In 976, they offered regional objects. On Mar.8,
977, they offered regional objects, including two pieces of yüeh-no cloth,
two catties of baroos camphor, 1,025 catties of miscellaneous aromatic
drugs, and 50 catties of cloves. On June 19, 978, and Dec.23, 979,
they offered gifts (Sung shih 3:4b; 4:3a, 6b, 12a; 489:4a, 4b; Sung hui-yao
kao 8116:4a-4b; Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 332:17a).
In 981, the kingdom of Chiao-chih in northern Vietnam was under
attack by Chinese forces allied with Champa. In the 3rd month (Apr./
May) of that year, the king of Chiao-chih, Li Huan, presented 93
Champa prisoners to the Chinese authorities in Canton. The Sung
emperor requested that they be not sent on, but be provided with
clothing and provisions, and returned to Champa (Sung hui-yao kao
8116:4b).
In the intercalary month (Jan./Feb.983) of the Chinese year 982,
Champa envoys offered a tame elephamt and regional objects. An
edict ordered the elephant to be kept in Canton. In the 9th month
(Oct./Nov.) of 983, envoys presented a tame elephant which could
salute and prostrate itself. An edict ordered to place it in Ning-ling
(^99) Used for incense.
(^100) Hsü Tzu-chih t’ung-chien ch’ang-pien p.68 gives the date of Oct.29.