continental south asia and the islands 43prefecture^101 of the Metropolitan Region. On Mar.18, 985, envoys
offered baroos camphor, tortoise shells, elephant tusks, yüeh-no cloth,
and limonite. They received in return garments, belts, and horse
trappings. The king also informed the Sung court that he was under
attack by Chiao-chih (Sung shih 5:1a, 4a; 489:4b; Sung hui-yao kao 8116:
4b;Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 332:17a).
In the 3rd month (Apr./May) of 986, Champa envoys offered two
rhinoceros horns, ten catties of white baroos camphor, 330 catties
of different kinds of gharu wood, and 50 catties of cloves. The chief
envoy presented on his own two elephant tusks and ten catties of
baroos camphor (Sung shih 4:17a; 489:4b; Sung hui-yao kao 8116:4b-5a;
Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 332:17a).
In the 1st month (Jan./Feb.) of 988, Champa envoys arrived at the
Sung court with regional objects. They were provided with wine and
food (Sung hui-yao kao 8116:5a).
On Dec.23, 990,^102 Champa envoys presented a tame rhinoceros,
ten rhinoceros horns, 15 elephant tusks, one catty of aromatics, and two
catties of white baroos camphor etc. Their king announced in a letter
that he was under attack by Chiao-chih. Emperor T’ai-tsung advised
the king of Chiao-chih, Li Huan, that he and Champa should each
guard their borders, i.e. keep peace. The envoys presented on their own
rhinoceros horns, elephant tusks, drugs, camphor, cardamoms, and rose
water. They were given garments, belts, horse trappings, [porcelain]
vessels, and silk, each in in accordance with his rank (Sung shih 5:11b;
489:5a;Sung hui-yao kao 8111:5a; Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 332:17a).
On Jan.15, 993, Champa envoys offered ten rhinoceros horns,
20 elephant tusks, 36 catties of aromatics, one catty of white baroos
camphor, 6 pieces of cotton, 13 catties of betel nuts, 50 coconuts etc.
The envoys presented on their own rhinoceros horns, tortoise shells,
aromatics etc. The king was in return presented with two white horses,
military implements etc. A Buddhist priest from Champa presented
baroos camphor, golden bells, copper incense braziers, and Buddhist
sceptres^103 (Sung shih 5:15a; Sung hui-yao kao 8116:5b).
On Feb.13, 995, envoys from the king of Champa brought gifts
and a letter. He was given two fine horses, five banners, five swords
(^101) The modern Shang-ch’iu hsien, situated southeast of K’ai-feng.
(^102) Sung hui-yao kao dates the arrival in the 10th month (Oct./Nov.) of 990.
(^103) This could well have been a private enterprise and is not included in the
statistics below.