44 continental south asia and the islands
inlaid with silver, five lances with silver cords, five bows, arrows etc.
(Sung shih 5:21b; 489:5a; Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 332:17a ).
On Apr.12, 997,^104 Champa envoys offered ten rhinoceros horns,
30 elephant tusks, ten catties of tortoise shells, two catties of baroos
camphor, 190 catties of different kinds of gharu wood, 100 catties of
sandalwood, 200 catties of pepper, five bamboo mats etc. (Sung shih
5:25b; 489:6a ; Sung hui-yao kao 8116:6b-7a).
In the 2nd month (Feb.Mar.) of 999, Champa envoys congratulated
on the ascension of Emperor Chen-tsung (on May 8, 997) and offered
rhinoceros horns, elephant tusks, tortoise shells, and aromatic drugs.
On Oct.14, 1004, envoys again brought regional objects, for which
their king received two fine horses, armour, military implements, ban-
ners etc. On the New Year’s Day (Feb.12) of 1005, they were given a
banquet together with a royal son from Chiao-chih and Arab envoys.
In the 4th month (May/June) of 1005, envoys offered presents. In
1007, envoys brought a letter and received rich gifts (Sung shih 6:8b; 7:
7b, 15b; 489:6b; Sung hui-yao kao 8116:7a-8a; 10,122:7b; Hsü Tzu-chih
t’ung-chien ch’ang-pien p.488; Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 332:17a-17b).
In 1008, Champa envoys offered presents, and the chief envoy was
given a nominal Chinese title (Sung hui-yao kao 8116:8a).
On May 21, 1010, envoys from the king of Champa offered gifts.
He complained that he always was given white horses.^105 On Sep.22,
1010, envoys again offered gifts and were presented with horses and
[porcelain] vessels (Sung shih 7:25a, 26a; 489:7b; Sung hui-yao kao 8116:
8a;Hsü Tzu-chih t’ung-chien ch’ang-pien p.645; Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 332:
17b).
On Nov.28, 1011, Champa envoys presented a golden-maned lion,
which had come from India, 62 elephant tusks, 40 rhinoceros horns,
300 catties of tortoise shell, 50 catties of gharu wood, 590 catties of
various aromatics, 60 catties of cardamoms, 30 ounces of camphor,
80 catties of myrrh, 470 catties of purple ore, 200 catties of nutmegs,
and 200 catties of pepper. An edict ordered that the lion be placed in
a park, where it was looked after by two natives of Champa. Subse-
quently, Emperor Chen-tsung pitied it and on Mar.3, 1012, ordered it
to be sent back (Sung shih 8:4a; 489:7b; Sung hui-yao kao 8116:8b-9a; Hsü
(^104) By Sung hui-yao kao 8116:7a dated Apr.11.
(^105) This seems to have arisen through a misunderstanding on the Chinese side.
Sung hui-yao kao 8116:5b notes that Champa liked white horses, and that therefore
such animals were presented.