continental south asia and the islands 47On Apr.20, 1116, the king of Champa was appointed by the Sung
Imperial Household Grandee of the Golden Seal and Purple Rib-
bon. On Jan.11, 1120, the Sung conferred on him the nominal titles
of Acting Minister of Works^112 and Concurrent Grandee Secretary,
Military Commissioner of the non-existant Army Which Cherishes the
Distance, Surveillance and Supervisory Commissioner and Inspector
of the non-existant Lin commandery, and recognized him as king of
the Champa State (Sung shih 489:10b; Sung hui-yao kao 8116:14a; Wen-
hsien t’ung-k’ao 332:17b).
In the 1st month (Jan./Feb.) of 1129, envoys of the king of Champa
offered presents. The Southern Sung appointed him Acting Grand
Tutor. Later, it became a constant practice to confer this title on the
kings of Champa (Sung shih 25:8a; 489:10b; Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 332:
17b).
On Mar.26, 1132, the king of Champa was appointed by the South-
ern Sung Military Commissioner of the non-existant Army Which
Cherishes the Distance, Surveillance and Supervisory Commissioner
and Inspector of the non-existant Lin Commandery in charge of all
its military matters, Imperial Household Grandee of the Golden Seal
and Purple Ribbon, Acting Grand Tutor and Concurrent Grandee
Secretary, and Supreme Pillar of State, and recognized as king of
Champa (Sung hui-yao kao 8116:15a).
On Sep.19, 1155, envoys from a new king of Champa brought a
letter, offered regional objects, and sought recognition. The Southern
Sung recognized him in the offices of his father. On Dec.10 of the
same year, 28 envoys from the king presented 4,230 catties of differ-
ent kinds of gharu wood, 168 elephant tusks, 20 rhinoceros horns, 60
catties of tortoise shells, 360 kingfisher’s feathers, ten oil lamps, etc.
The envoys were received in audience. (Sung shih 489:10b; Sung hui-yao
kao 8116:15a, 16a-16b; Wen-hsien t’ung-k’ao 332:17b).
On Jan.3, 1156, the king of Champa was appointed by the Southern
Sung Imperial Household Grandee of the Golden Seal and Purple
Ribbon, Acting Minister of Works and Concurrent Grandee Secretary,
Military Commissioner of the non-existant Army Which Cherishes the
Distance, Inspector of the non-existant Lin commandery in charge of
all its military matters, and Supreme Pillar of State, and recognized
(^112) According to Sung hui-yao kao, he was made Acting Minister over the
Masses.