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8.13.2 Parents may not be struck, cursed, or treated with contempt,
on penalty of death (Exod. 21:15, 17). The son denounced by par-
ents as totally recalcitrant is stoned (Deut. 21:18–21).- SI
The Pentateuchal codes have special regulations governing how war
is to be waged.9.1 Deuteronomy provides that an attacked city must be offered
the chance to surrender. If they surrender, they become tribute slaves
(mas) working for the state. If the city refuses to surrender, the men
are to be killed and the women, children, and cattle taken as booty
(Deut. 20:10–15). If, however, the city is local, it must be ̇erem,
“anathema,” destroyed in dedication to God (Deut. 20:16–18). It
should be noted that by the time Deuteronomy records this require-
ment, there are no local towns left to be conquered; this is a retro-
jection (cf. Josh. 2:12–14; 6:17–25).9.2 During a siege, the fruit from fruit trees should be eaten and
the trees are not to be destroyed. Non-food trees may be cut down
to make siege works (Deut. 20:19–20).BAlt, A. “Die Ursprünge des israelitischen Rechts.” In Kleine Schriften. Vol. 1, 1934.
Repr., Munich: Beck, 1959, 278–332.
Amit, Y. “The Jubilee Law—an Attempt at Instituting Social Justice.” In Justice and
Righteousness: Biblical Themes and their Influence, ed. H. Reventlow and Y. Hoffman.
JSOTSup 137. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1992, 37–59.
Anderson, A. “Law in Old Israel: Laws concerning Adultery.” In Law and Religion:
Essays on the Place of the Law in Israel and Early Christianity, ed. B. Lindars. Cambridge:
J. Clarke, 1988, 13–19.
Avigad, N. “The ‘Governor of the City’ Bulla.” In Ancient Jerusalem Revealed, ed.
H. Geva. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1994, 138–40.
Avishur, Y., and M. Heltzer. Studies on the Royal Administration in Ancient Israel in the
Light of Epigraphic Sources, Jerusalem: Akademon, 1996 (in Hebrew).
Barkay, G. “A Second ‘Governor of the City’ Bulla.” In Ancient Jerusalem Revealed,
ed. H. Geva. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1994, 141–43.
Beattie, D. “The Book of Ruth as Evidence for Israelite Legal Practice,” VT 24
(1974) 251–67.
Bellefontaine, E. “Deuteronomy 21:18–21: Reviewing the Case of the Rebellious
Son,” JSOT13 (1979) 13–31.
Ben-Barak, Z. “Meribaal and the System of Land Grants in Ancient Israel,” Biblica
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