958
7.9.2.3 Animals^201
Individual animals were mostly hired at a fixed rent ana sùti, not ana
idì(see above 7.9.1.2.3). Another form was “in shares” (ana zitti), for
division of the benefit by the participants, or in a partnership lease
(ana ¢arràni).^202 In both the latter cases, the participants divided the
offspring of a herd in fixed proportions.7.10 Apprenticeship
Apprenticeship contracts were a form of contract for services^203 that
is attested from the late seventh to the end of the fifth century.^204
The apprentice was entrusted (nadànu) to a master for a fixed period—
slaves to learn various trades, free persons to be instructed in vari-
ous cultic activities.^205 The apprenticeship period varied with the
profession, ranging from eighteen months to eight years. The mas-
ter, who could be a slave himself, undertook to provide full and
proper training (lummudu) and to feed and clothe the apprentice, for
which he received a fee. Contractual penalties applied if he failed
to fulfill these duties properly.7.11 Services and Supplies(Werkverträge)^206
7.11.1 This was a flexible type of contract, strictly speaking for the
performance of specific works (dulla epè“u), the manufacture of specified
products, or the carrying out of certain tasks (ana èpi“ànùti nadànu,
“to give for carrying out/making”). It most frequently had as its
object building and construction, manufacture of tiles,^207 milling of
flour, herding of animals, harvesting, and guarding.(^201) Bolla, Untersuchungen.. ., 116–73. See also Ries, “Miete.. .,” 178.
(^202) Bolla, Untersuchungen.. ., 129–39. See also Lanz, ¢arrànu.. ., 89–90.
(^203) For another form, the wet-nursing contract, see note 203 above.
(^204) San Nicolò, Lehrvertrag.. .; Petschow, “Lehrverträge.” See also Weisberg, Guild
Structure, 90–91.
(^205) Petschow, “Lehrverträge,” 557–58. Cultic: Pinches Berens Collection, no. 103
(kurgarrùtu u ¢uppùtu); BRM 1 98 (nàrùtu, see Petschow, “Lehrverträge,” 570: from
the nature of the activity it may be presumed that the son is to be trained). Cf.
from the Hellenistic period the (unpubl.) letter NCBT 1969 (training for kalûtu u
à“ipùtu: ibid., 558).
(^206) NRVU 621–39, and pp. 531–32; San Nicolò, Beiträge.. ., 248–51. See also
Koro“ec, Keilschriftrecht, 195. On the distinction between hire, lease, and contracts
for services and supplies, see Ries, “Miete,” 174, 180.
(^207) These could be a major part of a family’s business activities: see Joannès,
Archives de Borsippa.. ., 127–37.
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