Abbasids 111, 268–270, 318
Absolutism 148, 187, 190, 207–208, 282, 342,
361, 380, 397, 424, 428, 460
See also sultanic authority
Adab tradition 7, 23–24, 45, 66–68, 72, 92,
124, 129, 133, 182, 186, 197, 206, 231, 269,
366, 456, 458
See also “mirrors for princes”
Adaletname 439–440
“Administration manuals” 5, 6, 213–214, 216,
218, 220–221, 223–224, 227, 230–231,
299, 307, 335, 408
Aegean Sea 63, 99, 267, 329, 355, 359, 407n
Afshar dynasty (Iran) 328
Agriculture 82–83, 95, 146, 206, 267, 304,
320–321, 339, 367, 378, 417
Ahlak tradition 4, 7, 22, 24, 66–98, 122, 129,
133, 180–181, 314n, 433, 447, 456
See also felsefe
Akhbarî school of Shi’i thought 457–459
Akhlâq, see ahlak
Akkoyunlu dynasty 63, 65, 70
Albania, Albanians 63, 171, 197, 201, 208, 328,
357–360
Aleppo 146, 160, 188, 308
Amasya 32n, 34, 45, 58, 64, 67–69, 373n,
416
America 178, 222, 345, 347, 357–360, 385,
407n
Anatolia 29, 44–45, 47, 63–65, 71–72, 99, 111,
115, 146, 153, 188, 195, 211, 220, 255, 280,
305–306, 308, 328, 351, 355, 359, 373,
381, 402, 410–411, 413, 417–418, 422n
Ankara 373n; battle of 29, 30, 33–34, 36,
37, 46, 60, 63
Antalya 115
Anti-imperial authors/works 22, 32, 34,
36–44, 114–118, 148
Apocalyptic literature 39–44, 158–159, 175,
177–180, 186
Arabs 65, 260, 419
Ottoman 13, 105, 154, 181, 330, 382–383,
441, 456n
Argumentation theory, Ottoman 364n, 369,
435
Aristotelianism, see neo-Aristotelianism
Armenians 201, 327n
Army 89, 91–92, 133, 138, 140, 151, 153–155,
175, 183, 203, 210, 212, 215, 218, 223,
229–230, 284, 288, 291, 293, 303, 310,
316, 326, 329, 332, 334, 349, 351–352,
367, 375–376, 399, 402, 408, 410–411,
416, 448–449
Discipline 5, 25, 182–183, 185, 189, 301,
328, 379, 392–398, 400, 408, 417–418,
429, 451
Protection thereof 55
As potential rebels 56, 206, 312, 321, 378,
446
Training 155, 353, 362, 364–365, 375, 378,
381, 392–394, 396–398, 400, 407,
410–413, 417–420, 423
See also conscription; janissaries; sipahis;
timar
Artisans see craftsmen
Asabiyya 88, 289, 311, 353, 413
Astrakhan 144
Astrology 225–226, 308, 404, 452
Athens, ancient 324, 388–389
Austria, Austrians see Habsburg Empire
Ayan 293, 297, 324, 328, 330, 345–346, 351,
356, 359–360, 370–371, 379, 382, 416
Aydın emirate 36
Azerbaijan 73, 145, 177n, 275
al-Azm family 328Baghdad 99, 101, 160, 185, 188–189, 253n,
268, 304n, 330, 346, 362
Balıkesir 119, 236
Balkans 29, 64n, 154, 181, 242, 351, 359, 373,
382–383, 402, 410–411, 419, 422, 459
See also Rumili
Basra 267, 357
Batini sect 244
Bayrami-Melami order of dervishes 40n,
115, 117, 119, 158, 234, 245–246, 251, 252n,
253n, 256
Bektaşi order of dervishes 383, 414
Belgrade 99, 242, 272, 281, 291n, 326
Berlin 402